Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Share Essay

Littlefield modelling 2 st come outgy Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Share1 MoreNext Blog pee-pee Blog Sign InLittlefield Simulation 2 strategySunday, July 17, 2011Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategyFollowersJoin this sitewith Google takeoff rocket ConnectJust went through this last semester. We ended up in first place even though we made a a couple of(prenominal) minor mistakes. First a few links that helped usthither are no appendages yet.Be the firsthttp//archive.ite.journal.informs.org/Vol5No2/Miyaoka/http//wordpress.shetgar.com/blog/?p=59http//www.scribd.com/doc/51139499/LittlefieldSimulation2ReportAlready a member? Sign inHere is what we didPreGame Activities The team met the Tuesday before consort to examine the dataand discuss strategies. It was apparent that both blank spaces 1 and 3 were operating at full capacity, frequently hitting coulomb% utilization. plaza 3 seemed more strained since it had higher queues (Mean=506, STD=498) than Station 1(Mean=187, STD=175).Since the modal(a) job lead while exceeded 2 days during days 43 through 46, inclusive, we thought it would be unprofit adequate to attempt to move to the $1,000 contracts. We discussed the options of altering the lot sizes, but decided that the extra setup time would however create more bottlenecks downstream.About MeBlog ArchiveHB 2011 (1) put on my completeprofile July (1)LittlefieldTechnologiesSimulationGame 2strateg present 1 As a result of our analysis, the teams initial actions included 1. Leave the contracts at $750.2. Change the re site point to 3000 (possibly risking rails out of stock).3. Change the reorder quantity to 3600 kits.4. Purchase a warrant work for Station 3 as soon as our hard currency balance reached $137,000 ($100K + 37K).This strategy proved successful and after the second machine for Station 3 was purchased on Day 56 and the queue cleared, we were able to swop to the $1,000 contracts. We occasionally anomic a few dollars for being a little late, but we always made more than we would have down the stairs the $750 contracts. act 2 The next goal was to save enough bills to purchase a machine for Station 1 so that we could switch to the $1,250 contracts. During the cash building stage, we made the inventory order quantity as high as we could afford, which was 6,900 kits at a purchase price of $70,000. When the 6,900 kits were delivered, we switched the order quantity back to 3,600 so that we could purchase a Station 1 machine as soon as our cash balance reached $127,000 ($90K + 37K). later on 21 factory days, we were able to purchase the fourth machine for Station 1 and immediately moved to the $1,250 contracts.The average lead time declined to nether a half a day during factory days 69 through 76. There was a substantial decline in arriving orders during the selfsame(prenominal) time period. The team noticed the drop in lead time and regrets not having moved to the $1,250 contracts sooner. We lost $22,750 of potential revenue for not moving on the information sooner. On the other hand, orders are haphazard and an early move could have backfired on us.Stage 3 During our earlier meeting, the team discussed the possibility of purchasing a one-fifth machine for Station 1. We decided to wait and see if the redness of potential earnings was sufficient to disengage a $90 K purchase. We knew that if we were going to buy a fifth machine we should do it as soon as possible to maximize the return on investment. We measured the handout of potential revenue as ($1,250 actual average revenues * jobs completed). Our initial estimates showed a potential revenue loss of $266 per day, but within a few factory days the rate of potential loss rose to $419 per day.There is another consideration in the decision to purchase a fifth machine for Station 1. The call of the Littlefield Technologies game 2 is Customer Responsiveness. The title implies that we should be concerned about the consistency with which we deliver on our service level agreements (SLAs). The potential loss of $419 per day barely covers the $90,000 machine purchase however we were missing our SLAs 13 out of 15 days and the percent of potential revenues lost collectable to missing SLAs was 3%. We decided to purchase the fifth machine on Day 94 primarily to improve our customer responsiveness.This strategy did not perform as well as we had hoped. While our potential revenues lost declined to 1%, we were still missing our SLAs six out of seven days. Stage 4. During Stage 4, we explored job crack upting as a solution to the SLA problem. First, we split jobs into two batch of 30 kits each. This strategy worked so well that we wondered why we hadnt explored job splitting during Stage 2 or 3. We met our SLAs 12 out of 16 days and our percent of potential revenues lost declined to 0.4%. We calculated the setup times as a proportion of a

My Argument Paper

Stefanie Markel 1/2/2012 English composition II Maria Mahon Adoption vs. Artificial Insemination Argument Essay When starting signal a family, p arnts atomic number 18 given several options. Unassisted pregnancy, where a couplet gets pregnant with no outside interference, artificial insemination, or necessitateion are several options that a couple would train when deciding to start a family. The two that I will focus on are the latter(prenominal) two, acceptance and artificial insemination. Adoption is a special, somewhat heartbreaking overthrow for me, however, for the sake of this argument, it needs to be addressed.I will touch on the masters and cons of distributively technique of starting a family. My position is that the decision to adopt or be artificially inseminated is an informed decision that each psyche should make after reviewing all of the information that virtuoso posterior gather. IF it were me, I would prefer artificial insemination, for of course, my own personal reasons. The adoption process brings to accrue several pros and several cons that a couple or item-by-item set up would need to consider before proceeding. Before considering adoption, one would need to consider these things, 1. cost of adoption, 2. ) domestic or international adoption, 3. ) and cost of caring for peasant, 4. ) undetermined or closed adoption. One pro of adoption is if you are non able to assimilate a claw of your own, there are many an(prenominal) children out there that need a kinfolk and family to shell out for them. Dep stop on the none a child is in, you may be saving that child from abuse, neglect, poverty, or malnutrition from environmental challenges (if espouse internationally you may see this more(prenominal) so than domestically).On the other hand, it may be a situation of an underage come on that has no help or ability to care for the child. Another pro of adoption is that you would be able to have a child even if you as couple or as a single mother cannot view on your own. A con of adoption is that it is expensive there is a lot that goes into approving someone to be able to adopt a child. And the cadence that it takes for an adoption to be finalized can take months up to years. The end result of holding a child in your arms is the biggest pro of all.Now a con in the childs point of view would be not wise to(p) who your biological parents are or your heritage. As a child who was adopted grows older, he/she may have questions that can be uncorrectable at best to explain depending on the circumstances of the adoption. This is where my realise comes in however, my experience is an exceptional situation. I was adopted by my maternal grandmother at the age of 10 years old. This was an open adoption. This made things actually difficult. My mother did not just have my grandmother adopt and then move over me be.No, she was in and out of my life constantly, usually when it was convenient for her. This made things difficult for my adoptive mother to deal with. This is not usually a design situation. My children, not by my choice, however, were also adopted last year. The adoptive parents do not allow me contact, this is a closed adoption. I hope to one day change this. (personal experience) While my mother gave up her rights willingly, I did not willingly sign the papers giving up my rights, I was hale to. These are two extreme situations of adoption.When my children get older, they will ask the questions of who they are and where they come from of their adoptive parents, then my hope is that they will come find me so that we may eventually have a mother/children relationship. The bet on option that is available for prospective parents is artificial insemination. This is a slightly slight expensive option to become parents, depending on what route you take. A pro to this, is that you can become a natural parent, by this I ungenerous the child is yours biologically.Now depending o n the situation, you may be seeking to have a child, but do not have a partner. Or your partner (male) may not be able to help conceive a child. These are just two reasons that you would make out this option, there are many reasons, and all are different for different people. In this process, at least one process that is, you can go to cryogenic clinic, conduct the donor you wish, and have a doctor inseminate you. To choose a donor, select age, race, medical history (personal and family), profession, hobbies.This will bring up donors to choose from. Another con is that even though you can select fine much everything about a donor, your child will not look for like your partner, and could eventually raise questions later. Another con, as a single parent choosing this option, as your child grows older, they may ask questions that you cannot answer, as salubrious as the question to find their biological father. In conclusion, of the two options given, each have their pros and cons but they both have a wonderful ending result, a child to passion.No matter what choice you choose, remember a child is a precious responsibility and nothing to take lightly. When it comes time for me to choose, it may be possible for me to choose both, having been adopted I do know the benefits to the child in a normal situation. And I would love to experience pregnancy again, although I may not have a partner, I do know that I will have stacks of support if I decide to do the second option. I would very much like to give a child a home someday and get them out of whatever situation they are in. References Adoption. com, retrieved 1/4/2012 from http//forums. doption. com/thanks-life/62158-seeking-adoptees-pro-life-pro-adoption-testimonies. html Adoption. org, retrieved 1/3/2012 from http//www. adoption. org/adopt/pro-adoption. php Personal exist of being adopted and having my children taken from me and being adopted by treasure parents LifeScript Healthy Living for Women, retri eved 1/3/201, http//www. lifescript. com/Health/Conditions/Womens-health/Pregnancy/The_Pros_And_Cons_Of_Artificial_Insemination. aspx WebMD, retrieved 1/3/2012 from http//www. webmd. com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/artificial-insemination

Roles & Responsibilities in Lifelong Learning

The purposes and responsibilities of a instructor indoors in the lifelong knowledge sector move over been shaped and bristleed by a electron orbit of f shamors. From cultural changes, expectanter checking of acquisition styles and the laws which govern the education community as a whole. In this bear witness I bequeath master roughly of roles and responsibilities of a instructor and the races amid instructors and the the various stakeholders in the LLS. I desire to bedeck the complex internet of consanguinitys between the individual and the master copy bodies in this sector.Teach tit/Verb 1. commit knowledge to or instruct (some oneness) as to how to do something. The definition to a higher place doesnt take into account the context of the knowledge trans motivateion itself. Teachers right away ar governed by a series of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of cause which unneurotic underpin the professional boundaries which educators should o perate within. The broad range of a teachers responsibilities demoralises with basic assesss such as written text attendance or complying with disciplinary procedures to watching the complex unavoidably of their students. each teacher is amenable for the health, gumshoe dev shabu and welf ar of the learners in the schoolroom. The Health and caoutchouc at Work shape 1974 is the legislation which underpins a teachers duty of c atomic number 18 to their students. Beyond the physical safety of a learner a teacher moldiness also correspond they work professional standards and observe the rules and steering of awarding bodies. Equality & form in teaching is returnd for by the Equality feat 2010 which copes nine saved characteristics.It is the accountability of the teacher to promote and uphold the principles of fair play and inclusivity in the classroom. harm is one of these protected characteristics a teacher is undeniable to make sane adjustments for learners wit h disabilities based on the impairment. e. g a reader for a guile learner or written materials for a deaf learner. furthermore where this is non practical or unavailable a teacher should grade extra stick out.My stand within the lifelong learning sector is genuinely special however I have fasten oned the role of a teacher whilst working in the youth employment sector I unionise the topical anaesthetic authorities apprenticeship programme and pick of the role has unavoidable me to phlebotomise academic sessions for young people searching for employment. I would facilitate shops at the Jobcentre accession It was my role to arrange for a suitable learning purlieu and take aim an suppress venue, and curb handouts and resources argon available for all participants.In my experience working within recruitment for a local authority the principles of equating and inclusivity ar built into our processes ensuring all stakeholders are free from discrimination and e xclusion. I would admit my approach in the workshops by broadening the faux pas studies go ford to fall the cultural profile of the workshop participants. It is hugely eventful to point out and put up for differing learner needs. Dunn and Dunn, 1993 say matching teaching technique with learning styles signifi potbellytly rectifys learning outcomes.The process of identifying learning styles and modifying of teaching techniques is kn induce as differentiation. distinction is.. the process of identifying, with each learner, the nigh doingive strategies for achieving agree targets. 1 (Weston 1992) The JCP sessions are stand-alone and in this context I am unable to rede prior to the session the individual learner needs. It was my responsibility to dreadfully curriculum the content of the workshop and the activities it contained to suit a variety of learner needs.To correct the sessions I could include powerpoint presentations, discuss the programme and focalise-up role play activities to cover the visual, audio & kinaesthetic learning styles. (VAK) To improve the JCP themes mesh topology I would usually arrange for an existing apprentice to join the workshop to offer an insider perspective and act as a live fictitious character study which the young people target identify with. The apprentice ignore relate to the group with and this proves the most productive part of the session and is intend to elicit deep learning.Deep learning is fundamentally concerned with the humankind of knowledge, which the learner is able to relate to their own experience and use to take care new experiences and contexts. John West Bernhams,Understand Learning Page 8 (Article) This comprehensive approach is shown to improve motivation, and has al shipway improved the value of the workshop and compound the session. There are many types of teaching role each with their own characteristics. From specialize teachers which tend to have particular knowledge and skil l to trainers who use techniques to return information for a particular task.In the future I want to adopt a different role I see to act as a instruct to an apprentice. My role pass on be to impart guidance and support to an individual based on their needs. Mentoring is a 1-2-1 relationship which can mean I will either challenge or champion the mentee depending on the situation. In acting as a wise man I must(prenominal) observe my employers procedures and policies which may extend to the frequency of the session or the protocols I should honour if difficulties arise. As I mentioned in the world a teacher is non just the conduit for learning They are or so ever part of a larger system.It was the responsibility of the teacher to adopt and instrument their organisations policies. A class teacher forms part of a grasp and will report to year leaders a eadteacher, Governing system, local authority to the Department of Education. The Department of Education is the gov erning body responsible for the reverting of education in England. Teachers and the organisations they work within must meet professional standards. The Office for Standards in Education, Childrens Services and Skills (Ofsted) is the non-ministerial giving medication department which reports in a flash to parliament.Its slow up is to inspect and regulate education and training for learners of all ages and for inspecting and regulate those go which care for children and young people. From performance to safeguarding, as a teacher it would be my responsibility to be scrutinised by Ofsted and figure my activities meet the agreed standards. Like most professional fields there are boundaries which must be discover by teachers. These can range from the syllabus, timescales, resources, awarding bodies to government policies. from each one of these factors may have layers of outside contri merelying factors which influence them in turn.Ofqual, who regulate qualifications, examinat ions and assessments in England (http//ofqual. gov. uk), came to prominence last summer over GCSE re-grading decisions. Although it did not directly furbish up on teachers it illustrates the interaction between two stakeholders in the sector. An awarding body will have clear codes of practice which must be adhered to, in order tallow for accurate quality assurance and standardisation on results. It is heavy for teachers to understand where professional boundaries lie.For example in some cases where an individual learners needs requires the assistance of expert help it must be sought. Attempting to support the learner without seeking expert advice may have a negative effect on the individual as well as others. Often a teachers role is to signpost learners to the trump out resources. In a school context this may mean direct someone to a more specialised teacher in the organisation or an external support like a Local dominance service. Keeping abreast of the support available is an important part of navigating these boundaries.Joining a professional association such as the Institute for Learning or researching best practice using the Excellence Gateway are recommended ways to keep up good practice polished and fresh. The government set off Teacher Standards. These standards set the minimum requirements for teachers practice and conduct. They are devised by educators and are in part there to ensure positive learning surround is sustained. It is particularly important in the lifelong learning sector to promote a accessary and safe learning environment.For instance adult students may have had a negative experience of education so it is internal that from day one ground rules are agreed upon and the teacher plans activities that will allow students to name relationships. without ground rules, disruption may occur and affect the learning of your group Gravels. A, (PTLLS 2008 pg 7) An in force(p) way of promoting consensus in ground rules and meekness is g iving the learners the fortune to devise the rulebook themselves. In this model a teachers role is to facilitate the decision-making process and assess the outcome.By contributing as a group they each take ownership of their individual responsibility to deliver the goods the rules. In handing over this decision-making process the teacher will begin to piss a trusting relationship with the learners are more belike to follow the rules they have devised over rules they are forced to adopt The techniques and activities utilise by a teacher can help to build respect and promote clutch behaviour in class. The use of pair work, and lower-ranking group activities can help to forge relationships and engender respect amongst the learners.A great ice breaker activity which includes the entire group can be an effective way to begin this process. A teacher would set the task and ensure everyone is included. Ive talked about some examples of the roles and responsibilities of teachers with the lifelong learning sector, but in existence these are limited to what Ive described. Beyond the walls of the classroom there are a multitude of organisations, professional bodies and resources which exist to develop and support Teachers. Each of them play a role in providing the appropriate checks and balances needed to ensure a healthy, evolving sector.Roles & Responsibilities in Lifelong LearningThe roles and responsibilities of a teacher within in the lifelong learning sector have been shaped and developed by a range of factors. From cultural changes, greater understanding of learning styles and the laws which govern the education community as a whole. In this essay I will cover some of roles and responsibilities of a teacher and the relationships between teachers and the the various stakeholders in the LLS. I hope to illustrate the complex network of relationships between the individual and the professional bodies in this sector.Teach tit/ Verb 1. impart knowledge to or ins truct (someone) as to how to do something.The definition above doesnt take into account the context of the information transaction itself. Teachers today are governed by a series of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice which together underpin the professional boundaries which educators should operate within.The broad range of a teachers responsibilities begins with basic tasks such as recording attendance or complying with disciplinary procedures to understanding the complex needs of their learners. Every teacher is responsible for the health, safety and welfare of the learners in the classroom. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is the legislation which underpins a teachers duty of care to their students. Beyond the physical safety of a learner a teacher must also ensure they meet professional standards and observe the rules and guidance of awarding bodies.Equality & diversity in teaching is provided for by the Equality Act 2010 which covers nine protected characteristics. It is the responsibility of the teacher to promote and uphold the principles of fairness and inclusivity in the classroom. Disability is one of these protected characteristics a teacher is required to make reasonable adjustments for learners with disabilities based on the impairment. e.g a reader for a blind learner or written materials for a deaf learner. Furthermore where this is not practical or unavailable a teacher should locate additional support.My experience within the lifelong learning sector is very limited however I have adopted the role of a teacher whilst working in the youth employment sector I coordinate the local authorities apprenticeship programme and part of the role has required me to run sessions for young people searching for employment. I would facilitate workshops at the Jobcentre Plus It was my role to arrange for a suitable learning environment and select an appropriate venue, and ensure handouts and resources are available for all part icipants.In my experience working within recruitment for a local authority the principles of equality and inclusivity are built into our processes ensuring all stakeholders are free from discrimination and exclusion. I would adapt my approach in the workshops by broadening the case studies use to reflect the cultural profile of the workshop participants.It is hugely important to detect and cater for differing learner needs. Dunn and Dunn, 1993 say matching teaching technique with learning styles significantly improves learning outcomes. The process of identifying learning styles and modifying of teaching techniques is known as differentiation.Differentiation is.. the process of identifying, with each learner, the most effective strategies for achieving agreed targets.1 (Weston 1992)The JCP sessions are stand-alone and in this context I am unable to understand prior to the session the individual learner needs. It was my responsibility to carefully plan the content of the workshop and the activities it contained to suit a variety of learner needs. To improve the sessions I could include powerpoint presentations, discuss the programme and set-up role play activities to cover the visual, audio & kinaesthetic learning styles. (VAK)To improve the JCP groups interest I would usually arrange for an existing apprentice to join the workshop to offer an insider perspective and act as a live case study which the young people can identify with. The apprentice can relate to the group with and this proves the most productive part of the session and is mean to elicit deep learning.Deep learning is fundamentally concerned with the conception of knowledge, which the learner is able to relate to their own experience and use to understand new experiences and contexts.John West Bernhams,Understand Learning Page 8 (Article)This comprehensive approach is shown to improve motivation, and has always improved the value of the workshop and compound the session.There are many types of teaching role each with their own characteristics. From specialised teachers which tend to have particular knowledge and skill to trainers who use techniques to deliver information for a particular task. In the future I hope to adopt a different role I plan to act as a mentor to an apprentice. My role will be to provide guidance and support to an individual based on their needs. Mentoring is a 1-2-1 relationship which can mean I will either challenge or champion the mentee depending on the situation. In acting as a mentor I must observe my employers procedures and policies which may affect the frequency of the session or the protocols I should follow if difficulties arise.As I mentioned in the introduction a teacher is not just the conduit for learning They are almost always part of a larger organisation. It was the responsibility of the teacher to adopt and implement their organisations policies. A class teacher forms part of a chain and will report to year leaders a eadteache r, Governing body, local authority to the Department of Education. The Department of Education is the governing body responsible for the oversight of education in England.Teachers and the organisations they work within must meet professional standards. The Office for Standards in Education, Childrens Services and Skills (Ofsted) is the non-ministerial government department which reports directly to parliament. Its remit is to inspect and regulate education and training for learners of all ages and for inspecting and regulating those services which care for children and young people. From performance to safeguarding, as a teacher it would be my responsibility to be scrutinised by Ofsted and ensure my activities meet the agreed standards.Like most professional fields there are boundaries which must be observed by teachers. These can range from the syllabus, timescales, resources, awarding bodies to government policies. Each of these factors may have layers of external contributing fac tors which influence them in turn. Ofqual, who regulate qualifications, examinations and assessments in England (http//ofqual.gov.uk), came to prominence last summer over GCSE re-grading decisions. Although it did not directly impact on teachers it illustrates the interaction between two stakeholders in the sector. An awarding body will have clear codes of practice which must be adhered to, in order tallow for accurate quality assurance and standardisation on results.It is important for teachers to understand where professional boundaries lie. For example in some cases where an individual learners needs requires the assistance of expert help it must be sought. Attempting to support the learner without seeking expert advice may have a negative effect on the individual as well as others. Often a teachers role is to signpost learners to the best resources. In a school context this may mean directing someone to a more specialised teacher in the organisation or an external support like a Local Authority service.Keeping abreast of the support available is an important part of navigating these boundaries. Joining a professional association such as the Institute for Learning or researching best practice using the Excellence Gateway are recommended ways to keep up good practice polished and fresh. The government publish Teacher Standards. These standards set the minimum requirements for teachers practice and conduct. They are devised by educators and are in part there to ensure positive learning environment is sustained.It is particularly important in the lifelong learning sector to foster a supportive and safe learning environment. For instance adult students may have had a negative experience of education so it is essential that from day one ground rules are agreed upon and the teacher plans activities that will allow students to build relationships. without ground rules, disruption may occur and affect the learning of your group Gravels. A, (PTLLS 2008 pg 7)An effec tive way of promoting consensus in ground rules and compliance is giving the learners the opportunity to devise the rulebook themselves. In this model a teachers role is to facilitate the decision-making process and respect the outcome. By contributing as a group they each take ownership of their individual responsibility to follow the rules. In handing over this decision-making process the teacher will begin to build a trusting relationship with the learners are more likely to follow the rules they have devised over rules they are forced to adoptThe techniques and activities used by a teacher can help to build respect and promote appropriate behaviour in class. The use of pair work, and small group activities can help to forge relationships and engender respect amongst the learners. A great ice breaker activity which includes the entire group can be an effective way to begin this process. A teacher would set the task and ensure everyone is included.Ive talked about some examples of the roles and responsibilities of teachers with the lifelong learning sector, but in reality these are limited to what Ive described. Beyond the walls of the classroom there are a multitude of organisations, professional bodies and resources which exist to develop and support Teachers. Each of them play a role in providing the appropriate checks and balances needed to ensure a healthy, evolving sector.

Difference between Issues and Problems

Some business managers mistakenly use the term spot and job interchangeably however, doing so may complicate the daily decision fashioning processes by lumping all issues and problems together and possibly make a detrimental situation worse. Separating issues from problems helps to prevent smaller issues from becoming problems.This business practice is so important that there is an entire management discipline predictably called, issue management (IM). The Dow Jones says that successful issue management depends on addressing concerns before they suffer full blown problems.1Therefore, it is deduced that issues are smaller, less threatening and require nominal effort to find resolution but left unchecked could waylay the organization to greater risk. There is an analogy to help put this impression into proper perspective forgetting your lunch is an issue, but losing your job is a problem. 2 Therefore, the difference between an Issue and a problem can be explained this way, Pr oblems are solved. Issues need to be fade outd. To solve is to explain and to resolve is to separate a thing into its component parts or elements, hence determine a course of action.

Prospects for the Future of Liberal Democracy in Libya

Following the death of the infamous former Libyan leader Col angiotensin-converting enzymel Muammar Qaddafi former Libyan leader, a lot of debates and concerns ease up been raised world long ab out(p) the future of the nation. A range of issues from social, frugal, religious and government activityal are being raised and the big question seems to be, what next? later on geezerhood of authoritarian rule and with the enemy finally out of the picture, the Libyan government faces different prospects for its development and in this endeavor I willing be looking at different possibilities for the nation in copulation to the promotion of idle majority rule.Currently under a transitional government, Libya stands the chance to breast throw and adopt what may be considered by some as positive western ideals. According to a Freedom house hide a nonher country that endured decades of brutal misrule, Libya, now has the potential for signifi undersidet gains thank to the overthrow o f al-Qadhafi. (Puddington, 2012) Democracy has at no other time in history been knocking at the doors of many semipolitical administrations and with voices calling not only from foreigners merely also from indigenous citizens it would be precise substantial to ignore the relevance that land plays in our modern day society.Over the ult year especially, the world has witnessed many political resistance campaigns what is now popularly referred to as the Arab Spring has flooded the refreshfuls very often and one roughhewn outcry from these lot is the lease for change. One might interview what fuelled this uprising from the people to demand new leadership, in my educate d opinion, decades of authoritarian rule, human rights abuses, oppression on opposition and the inability of people to speak freely amongst others engage all led to this desire for change. in the lead delving into the prospects for democracy in Libya, I feel it will be indispens competent to underline what democracy entails.Robert Dahl in his book On democracy lists variant desirable features of a antiauthoritarian society as follows operate on of military and police by elected officials. Democratic beliefs and political subtlety No strong foreign control hostile to democracy A modern market economy and society Weak subcultural pluralism (Dahl, 2005) Based on this it is fairish to say that patient of democracy demands the inclusion of people, it views in equating and fairness and encourages the notion of two (or many) heads being better than one.However it is also legitimate that democracy is not the only route for perceptual constancy, in reality the highest luck of political crisis lies in the middle ground between authoritarianism and democracy (Goldstone, 2005) I believe a democratic and representative government fuel be attainable in Libya despite being broken into sundry(a) sects for close to fifty years. Both pro and anti Qaddafi forces can urge on Libya forward b ut as to whether this will mature fully into a liberal democracy is tricky. The prospects for Libya would look bleak especially when considered from the perspective of diachronic precedents.In the Libyan case, several pointors cement this view. To begin with, Libya is a society change with many different tribes. From what might be considered extreme Islamists, to the more enclose ones, to the presence of Christians and then other religious and secular divisions the presence of multifariousness in terms of culture or beliefs could either hinder or promote liberal democracy. In other parts of the continent, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, this situation has been witnessed before but among the most important lessons to emerge is the wideness of avoiding factionalism. (Goldstone, 2005) Take Rwanda for example, where Hutus and Tutsi rebels feel shed blood over foreign tribalistic views. In focalises where in that location is a vast difference in opinions, kind of often people tend to disagree quite an than agree and in order for democracy to prevail it is mandatory that people learn to compromise and agree for the better of the people. In the eastern part of the nation, we can start the current ruling rebels and in the West where Sirte is located in that respect is a stronger presence of pro Qaddafi forces or loyalists. In order for democracy to micturate place it will take a combined lather from the unification to South and East to West.A scholar who has engaged in different studies of transitional governments, Professor Michael Greig made several observations on the Libyan scenario, he bases his conclusions from his studies on transitions over the last 170 years of history and notes that the more divers(a) a society is, the less horse barn new regimes tend to be. (Coleman, 2011)With the impinge on of the former leader, the panic for this transition to be peaceful of fairly debonair is that loyalists might try to living reprisal attacks, the re could be various fear attacks blush on innocent victims and militants, leaders, or officials under the former regime might strongly esist cooperating with the new government and this will undermine attempts to carry out a sound and stable democratic environment. Should this occur, it could lead to an indefinite civilian war and the country which already seems to be broken down into various fragments could end up losing more lives, it could also deter foreign investment funds and trade and regardless of the large inunct reserve the country has, it could understood cast off serious economic implications such as higher puffiness rates.On the political front also, as to how confident citizens are in the government and how effect institutions being put in place will return the nation, only time will tell. Indeed Libyans have been shown a intimation of hope since the death of their former leader however can they be guaranteed that another Qaddafi will not surface? And while Lib ya has benefited greatly from the death of the Qadhafi dictatorship, the country confronts an array of daunting political and security challenges, and has yet to hold its first elections. Puddington, 2012)The Libyan people understandably seem to have put issues in their new government and with this lack of trust, the people might not be too welcoming to the new rules or laws that might be put in place. Should they not have faith in the new government for too long they could be a coup dEtat or some other form of uprising. Unrest could take place and this could just mean that democracy will fail yet again. Furthermore, there are serious doubts about how women, former members of the Qaddafi government and minorities will fuck in the new order.The region of women is essential in achieving a liberal democracy. Women can be instrumental in broadening the parameters of democratic participation. They can challenge and sensitize others about the preconceived notions of what Islam can ent ail in a liberal democracy. For example, in Tur diagnose, women activists achieved this to within the Islamist Refah (Welfare) Party. Libya has no democratic role models in the Arab world from whom to seek mentorship.One main(prenominal) factor that the people of Libya have going in their favour is the fact that when they finally decided to take after out and rebel against their long term leader they were not influenced by the western nations or the global community as a whole. The effort was undoubtedly from within the very borders of the country and throughout the country there were many cries which eventually fell unto the ears of the international community. The freedom house traverse confirms this by stating Americas firmness in assisting NATOs Libyan campaign was an important step.After initial hesitation, the administration has also cautiously back up the process of building democratic systems in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. (Puddington 2012) The Libyans did indeed captur e and pull down Muammar Qaddafi with the help of NATO forces however they initially started the movement and asked for help to take personnel away from Qaddafi. The significance of this is that there are dependency theorists for example who believe that the western world continues to infiltrate third world nations and prevents them from standing on their own but in this particular case that can be debunked.The issue of neocolonialism at least at the time that the uprising in Libya took place was arguably not present or wasnt the main driving force and this means that the people of Libya do indeed have a voice of their own and will not be coerced into do policies or vital decisions presented to them by countries like the united Kingdom and United States of America. Liberal democracy therefore can eventually be introduced and keep in a society like this where the people have a voice and do what they believe and agree together is best rather than allowing external forces to impos e laws on them.Another positive factor about Libya which should swell favour the nation is that due to its large oil reserves and the fact that they are a major exporter of oil to different parts of the world, they have a more attractive economy as compared to others in the Arab spring. It is common for nations to establish and develop their political and democratic institutions before any square change is seen in the economy, however the presence of an already good and healthful economy makes it fairly easier for the presence of democracy.The important thing here would be to have competent people in government to take key and important decisions and also to manage the resources of the nation well. When this is done and the citizens see an even better improvement in the economy it will build their potency in the government and promote more civilian participation (a very important feature for liberal democracy). With higher literacy rates than other African nations (Puddington, 20 12) and with the introduction of new laws for the land Libya in the future can by all odds be a success story.To reiterate what has been mentioned above in this essay there is a fair possibility of the existence of a liberal democracy in Libya. It is important to note that remarkably, after several years of assembling and sifting data , the panel found that economic , ethnic , and regional effect shave only a modest concern on a countrys risk of political instableness. Rather, stability is overwhelmingly determined by a countrys patterns of political competition and political authority. (Goldstone, 2005). Although Libya is a country that is divided along tribal lines, it also has a good educated creation and a prissy economic growth. Research has shown that economic, regional and ethnic effects only have a modest effect on a countrys risk of political instability and clearly, what works in establishing a stable democracy is moving toward a political system with completely di ssonant and fully competitive parties that maintains strong checks on executive authority. (Goldstone, 2005) Stability is hugely determined by the prevailing patterns of political authority and competition. The key to maintaining stability lies in the following 1. making democratic institutions that promote open and fair competition 2. Avoiding political polarization and factionalism 3. Imposing substantial measures against abuse of executive power Furthermore, wealth and few or no communal tensions help, but a country does not need wealth or a homogenous population to achieve stability.The fact of Libya having a well educated population also aids in its capability for liberal democracy. better people tend to hold liberal views and be more unbigoted of divergent views. In the case of Libya, there exist factors that are in its favour in terms of achieving a liberal democracy. In addition, its oil reserves and a wealthy treasury are assets that can be used to build democratic insti tutions and improve capacity building in its current institutions. The enactment of laws that curb excesses by the executive will be huge boost in this direction.Thus, the prospects of democracy in Libya are not so bleak when considering its wealthy treasury and its small and talented population which have proven that they possess a voice to speak out for the promotion of a good agenda in Libya. Unlike poorer countries who may have to seek external funding to support their democratic initiatives, it need not do so. It has the necessary capital to start a wide range of socio-economic programs aimed towards a liberal democracy.For now, the rebel leaders seem to be receiving acceptable levels of support from the populace and this among other factors serve as life-and-death pointers that the prospects of a liberal democratic Libya are real. To conclude, we deduce from the above highlighted points that democratic development in Libya is faced with numerous challenges, political and econ omic, internal and external of long years authoritarian regimes, coupled with bad governance, fear of mismanagement of accumulated capital and mass participation, non-conducive investor atmosphere and a sieve from the West.At a minimum, the core elements of developing political democracy are A strong, pluralistic civil society independent of state control and able to hold government accountable Regular and effective mechanisms to choose and to change representatives, governments, and policies by non-violent means wide dispersion of economic resources and state shipment to broadly distributed human development The rule of law incorporating the principles of the supremacy of the law, par before the law, and the impartial and fair administration of the law Strong institutions and an international environment which supports, or at least not harmful to, the above element. This is what Africa and other emerging liberal democracies need in achieving political and economic development of this new world order regime.

Tapescript Role Play in Business Meetings

Tapescript Role depend in Business clashings (NF=Nigel Fraser, M=Martin, J=John, E=Eliana, D=Denise, MK=Markus) NIthink we all agree that we need to work a circularize better as a group. Ive got some suggestions for improving our groupwork. Id care to sh are them with you and see how you find about them. OK, permits start with cooperateings. At the moment we meet erst a month. Thats not enough. In future, Id like us all to meet erstwhile e very two weeks. I would foreknow everyone to attend, and to be on time thats not the case at the moment as you know. So Martin, what do you think?MTotally against the idea, to be honest. erst a month is fine, sure as shootingly. Im making the most silver for us at the moment and I cant go on doing that if I have to attend meetings all the time. Anyway, when we do meet, we happen most of the time arguing with each other. A lot of them are a waste of time. No, keep things as they are. NThank you, Martin. John, what do you think? Meet ing once every two weeks. Compulsory attendance. JIts a tidy idea. Why not? We need to spend more time unneurotic to sort out problems, share ideas, that sort of thing.Actually, I think we should meet once a week. MRubbish. NNow Martin, calm down. Youve had your say. And nothings been determined yet. just now thanks John for backing me up on this one. Eliana, how do you feel about this? EIll go along with whatever you say. It really wont affect me much. My main problem, as you well know, is I want to involve from data projectors. Id like to sell plasma screens, theyre in great demand at the moment, thats why Martin exceed our gross revenue, its not difficult to be the take up when you have the best products to sell. MI thought we were talking about meetings, Nigel.Do we have to listen once again to Elianas complaints? NNo we dont Martin. Youre right, were fastenting off the point. Denise, lets hear from you now. DThanks, Id like more meetings, once a week would be OK for me, except I dont know if attendance should be compulsory. further yeah, people should turn up on time, not drift in as they do at the moment. If we had more meetings, Id get a chance to make a few suggestions for improving sales. And perchance I wouldnt be interrupted so often by Martin and Markus. John fronts to be the only somebody here who listens to me. AllOh come on now.Nonsense. Right. True. NCould we come to order, please? Everyone calm down. Markus? Meeting once a week, once every two weeks, or keep to once a month? What do you think? MKKeep it as it is, once a month. Thats enough. When we do have a meeting, two or three people seem to take over, and no one else can get a devise in edgeways. Frankly, Nigel, our meetings are not very productive, and thats the real problem. Id prefer to spend time meeting our customers and trying to quiver up more sales. Thats what were paid for. NOK, Markus, thanks very much. Let me get a few more opinions. Robert. Role tease Director on e You want to ? get exempt of Nigel Fraser by request him to resign. You do not think he is a suitable person to manage the sales team. ? Replace him with a new person from removed the company. The new manager would have a fresh approach to the teams problems. ? Have more meetings and weekly sales reports. ? Reorganize the sales team into mini-groups, for example all plasma sales staff working together. Commissions would be based on sales targets set for each mini-group. ? hark back of other suggestions for improving the performance of the team.Director two You want to ? Keep Nigel Fraser as manager you are a close friend of Nigel. You think hes an excellent manager of a difficult team. ? air out Nigel on a short training course which helps managers to develop team building skills. ? Get rid of Martin. He is rude and upsets members of staff. ? Have less reports and meetings. ? Pay commissions based on the performance of the whole team. The team should be set challenging sale s targets. ? Think of other suggestions for improving the performance of the team. Director three You want to Move Nigel Fraser to another department in the company. ? Replace him with another member of the sales team John? Denise? (you decide) ? suck the meeting of the whole department every two weeks, and allow members to enunciate their opinions frankly. ? Keep Martin in the team you are Martins closest friend. He is a difficult person, but a brilliant salesman, in your opinion. ? disregard the sales team from 7 members to 6 (you decide who should go). ? Reorganize the teams (you decide how). ? Think of other suggestions for improving the performance of the team.Director four You want to ? view the opinions of the other directors before making up your mind. You are not sure whether to keep Nigel Fraser as manager or not. ? Have Eliana as manager if the other directors think Nigel Fraser should go. She is young, talented, and has good people management skills. ? Get rid of M arkus he is lazy, selfish and unreliable. ? Ask Vanessa Byrant to come back and purport Nigel Fraser for the next six months. ? Send staff on regular team building courses. ? Think of other suggestions for improving the performance of the team.

Children Begin by Loving Their Parents

Despite my fathers aching back, at the age of 45 or so, he played wit me and lifted me up in the snap on many occasions. He was so proud since I had grown an inch taller. It has been 11 years now since my mother had died. Both my parents had been elusive in an accident, unfortunately my mothers injuries were too severe and there was nothing the doctors could do. I blamed my father for the death of my mother since he had been under the work on of alcoholic beverage spell the accident had taken place. I had Jus turned 16 that year, and was influenced by my friends to run away from home.My arenas were extremely worried about me. It was while they were looking for me when they had met with an accident. I knew then, as I know now, that I helped fight off father to drinking. I will neer forgive myself for that. What was a worry we might flip resolved exploded, and home was never home again. He could not be the same father to me anymore. He became angry and self-assertive since th e death of my mother. We both blamed each other for her death. If I never had ran away from home and If he had never been under the Influence of alcohol while driving, my mother would have silent been alive.In my mind my father Is still the vibrant, witty and a private man that raised me, the man so steadfast In his love and devotion for my mother that I have never once heard a complaint or sorrow over their life together. A man who did whatever, anything, he could do for me. I know my father has many faults, faults that have sliced me In undercover places. My father has consumed alcohol various times. He has not always been the outflank father and has not always treated me well. But grief shows Itself In many forms. What we have been to each other are companions on a road I wish on no one.

Can war ever be justified? Essay

This enquire is not that easy to answer. M all philosophers, politicians or lonesome(prenominal) when ordinary populate in the past and in the present try to come up with an answer, but on that point is no simple answer to this question such as yes or no. The answer depends on an individual. nigh the great unwashed like Ruth Heing say _Countries went to fight beca engage they believed that they could achieve more than by dint of contend than by a diplomatic negotiation_. Some large number like Bo Bennett say _Diplomacy is more than saying or doing the compensate things at the castigate clock time, it is avoiding saying or doing the wrong things at any time._ state of warfare brings nothing to the country but damage and destruction. administration is not the only one who is affected by the struggle. War takes away(p) lives of so many innocent great deal. More than 1068 000 state died in the foundericipation of Somme. The weaponry is not cheap, millions argon w asted on them. In 1898 when Kaiser Wilhelm II announced his function to built a powerful German navy, Britain elevated first class war ship Dreadnought against Germans. They spent millions on building the ship, instead of spending the money on the ship winding it would be more effective to spend money on more social issues. Than the conflict between Germany and Britain would buzz off been avoided and at the same time some social inquires would be satisfied as good.When it comes to self defense, war is fairish necessary. The reason why Georgia still exists nowadays is because when Turkey invaded Georgia in 10th, 11th century Georgia was labored to contain its self. Georgia wasnt the one who started the conflict. If Georgia would not shake off defended itself from the invaders (who were mostly from Muslim countries), today the country would have been a part of turkey or other neighboring country. War slew be necessary in order to get independency or liberty for exampleTh ere is no short answer to the question if the war freighter ever be justified it depends on the situation in which the country is in and it depends on the individual, how does a person view the affects of the war on the country. Everything in the world has both positive and negative aspects including War. hobo war ever be justified? EssayWar is an inescapable part of the history of humankind. Unlike natural happenings, war is an action of people inflicted of other people. This issue has raised ethical problems, which are still baffling till today. War is by common sense evil, but can it ever be less evil? There are a number of varying pickaxes when discussing the issue of a justifiable war. Some people coif out that war is always justifiable tour others argue that it can never be. Some maintain that due to human conditions, war is inevitable. Can it ever be honourablely justifiable to use cast so as to preserve values within a fraternity such as justice, peace and freedom? The Pacifists argue that war is never goodly justifies, while others argue that war at times is justifiable, and wherefore they unveil what one may call the just war impost.The just war tradition represents a fund of practical moral insight based on a reflection on real problems as these have occurred in different historical contexts. The moral insights and practices that make up the tradition reflect the judgments and experience of people coming from a wide range of cultural institutions. Unjustly causing harm to somebody is never justified, and is referred to as an absolute moral debt instrument. An absolute moral compact therefore refers to an obligation which has priority over all other moral obligations. On the other hand, to inflict harm which may or may not be justified can be referred to as leading(predicate) facie moral obligation.A prima facie moral obligation is an obligation which has a strong moral reason supporting it. However such obligation may be overridden under special circumstances, like self-defense. Therefore it is ethically correct to harm someone else in order to protect yourself and others. The just war tradition provides three fundamental moral reminders. The use of gist is sometimes necessary to preserve values that would otherwise be lost. each repair to force and the application to forceful means have to be subjected to an intentionality of justification and restraint, and the means and techniques of war should serve the licit moral aims of the traffic force. Can war be ethically justifiable? Two sets of rules have been developed to assess when choosing violence can be justified, as well as to set limits on the amount of force. These two sets of rules are referred to as jus ad bellum, which is the right to war, and jus in Bello, which is the right in war. Jus ad bellum refers to whether theoption to use force in a particular situation is justified, while jus in Bello refers to whether the type of force is to be justified . There are conditions in both jus ad bellum and in jus in Bello. The conditions in jus in Bello are proportionality of specific tactics and the immunity of non-combatants.The killing of innocent people during war is a criminal and who do it will be punished. The conditions in jus ad bellum are that there essential be a legitimate role and the need for a declaration of war (from the legitimate license itself). There have to be a Just Cause, for example to defend human life no one can start a war without a reason. In a just war there have to be right intentions. One can kill others to incumbrance them from attacking his country. There have to be reasonable hope of mastery you only take for a war with the hope of winning. Courage is to resist to obey orders which are inhumane and to know when you need to stop (surrender). War has to be the at long last resort and one has to try and avoid it when possible. The last but not least is proportionality of the whole enterprise. There is the need to calculate the beneficial and harmful results. There have to be more positive results than negative ones. Thomas Aquinas held that a war can only be justified if three conditions are satisfied.The war mustiness be legally declared by a public authority that is legitimately authorized to commit a people to war the war must be declared by someone who can be entrusted with the care of the common good and a legal authority to declare a war. The war must be pursued for a morally just cause, like self-defense or to take something which is yours back it isnt right to engage in a war against a democracy that has done nothing to deserve it. Those who are engaged in fighting a war must have a rightful intention they must intend only to achieve the just end and must not be provoked. Some conditions are added to those of Aquinas by those who use the just war theory to evaluate the morality of war and of the weapons of war.They added that the war must be fought only as a last resort so if there is another way of achieving ones just end, the war will not be just. There must be a reasonable hope of success. The war must be aimed to produce more good than harm, and it is wrong to use methods of warfare that cause more injuries and deaths than necessary. Therefore as to conclude, one must say that war has its rules and they should be followed. To declare a war one must have the right intention and a reasonable hope of success, and it must be fought only whennothing else can be done to achieve the results desired.

Developing Yourself as an Effective Learning and Development Practitioner Essay

The knowledge that HRPs in Band 1 show or demonstrate an appreciation of the basics of fostering and learning get hold of analysis at the organisational and individual levels moreover it ensures that the activities are carried out in effect and to / with the right level of knowledge. With my organisation it is coercive that I know the organisation is structured, what products and services the organisation provides to enable the understanding about the way the company works and objectives it has. This is to ensure the service provided is surgical and effective. He/she also has to imbibe knowledge of relevant employment l and discrimination law to minimise risk within and to the organisation.The Serco HR and L&D manager must(prenominal) demonstrate their knowledge about how to catch and collate cost data and how to analyse feedback from procreation programmes in swan to demonstrate a return of investment. HRPs in Band 1must be someone who is driven to deliver as they need t o actively plan, prioritise and monitor key performance (KPI) areas of each employee in recite to prompt employees when training opportunities that are in line with and when their personal learning arises which should be reflected within the staffs appraisals. They must also need to work effectively at all levels within the organisation and work closely with international training providers for example- Chartered Management institute, Northbrook and Chichester College.BehavioursThe behaviours required the L&D practitioner to deliver a successful service. The team needs to be clear, accurate and positive when communicating messages within the organisation but in a way that also motivates all staff to perform their business line office staffs well. Also under the heading of behaviours it is very important that the L&D manager and his/her team needs to have a fair un-biased stead and be non-discriminatory at all time but, be assertive, curious and have the confidence to challenge but most of all be reachable to colleagues and managers and lead by example and act as a role model to others. www.cipd.co.uk/cipd.hr.profession/hr.profession-map/example.map.aspxActivity 2 Understand client needs (including examples of 3 diverse customers and 1 need for each, and explain how you would priorities conflicting needs)Customer call forIt is important that the Serco HR practitioner provides a timely and effective service. thence the he / she must understand each of their customers needs and how to prioritise them in accordance to urgency but, also how to manage the customers expectation.Table 5- 3 examples of three customers needs-Customer necessitateCustomers needsCustomers are-1. Participants (Learners, Candidates or Students) of the training programme2. The training training coordinator3. Line Managers, supervisor of the L&D practitionerpractitioners timepressing informationregarding trainingresults from training analysis1. All three customers whitethorn need t he L&D practitioners time, this need may happen where by the customers may wish to see the Practitioner at the same time. This business leader cause a conflict where the L&D Manager may have to prioritise which is more important and what needs are to be addressed urgently and which could be handled later2. The L&D training coordinator and facilitator may need to see urgent information regarding the training from the fly the coop L&D practitioner.3. The L&D supervisor may need to see and speak to the L&D practitioner to know whether the training has achieved its intended results from training analysis2.2- Effective communication (include examples of three different communication methods and the advantages and disadvantages of each)Effective CommunicationThe examples of 3 different communication methods in concert along with the advantages and disadvantages of each are listed below in Table 6- Communication Methods Advantages & Disadvantages

Interest Groups Essay

They vary easily in size and ideological perspectives. The strategies and tools employed by following groups atomic number 18 non static, and they differ dep arresting on the geographical scope of their operations and the resources they view. slice many please groups tend to address a wide pad of issues, early(a)(a)s deal with distinct issues. The life span of use up groups is also not static. In this case, some groups switch long term object lenss hence, they detain energetic for long duration. For instance, the invade groups that aim at ch each(prenominal)enging policy issues and authorities operate on a long term basis.On the other hand, some groups ar usually initiated with an aim of achieving a particular end after which they be dissolved. For example, during elections, many groups usually emerge with an aim of ensuring that the unconscious do by is handled according to the stipulated guidelines of the electoral service. A representative government is alwa ys theorize in manner that facilitates participation of contending followings, and at the same time it tries to moderate the variance that inexorably accompanies faction controversy.In the traditional creation of pluralism, contending involvements pass away in concert by mobilizing resources and opinions in order to enhance impelling conceptuality and implementation of essential familiar policies. Institutions are formed to accommodate the inevitableness of diverse and competing fire from becoming powerful enough to undermine the rights of others (Wilson, 2009). This process is governed by constitutional pro masss, which stipulate the nature of interest groups activities. on that pointfore, many interest groups that work together tend to stabilize governmental environment, and this enables them to forward their interests to the government. This implies that the pluralist vision of politics is an ideal vision of interest group politics and political institutions (Barber, 1990). The activities conducted by various interest groups sens be used to split them. For instance, some of them endeavor to address some(prenominal) existence issues, while others subscribe a narrow scope of private interests.There are ii distinct types of interest groups, and they drop be described as follows. First, we nourish public interest groups, and they aim at working on issues that upbeat the general public. For instance, they plump for policies that offer up equal opportunities that can be enjoyed by every whizzness in the society. However, the success of public interest groups may not be very substantial at an individual level since they aim at reaching out to many people. Some of the major public interest groups in his category are National Taxpayers Union and bring to Women for America (Orman, 1988). The second category is referred to as private interest groups. These are groups which endeavor to challenge public policies in order to specifically atta in their members or individuals that support their interests. Nonetheless(prenominal), the objectives and activities of private interests groups should not interfere with the welfare of other individuals. Political self interest is perceived to be healthy for a political system.In the USA, there is a popular belief that contending interests pretend the society more successful. This is because bad policies are always eliminated when various groups postulate against each other Other examples of interest groups include business organizations fatigue unions, Professional associations, and Non Governmental Organizations (Grossman, 2002). The Relationship betwixt Interest Groups and Political Parties There is no great disparity between political parties and various interest groups, because they are both composed of individuals having common objectives and opinions.Apart from this, they are equal in the sense that they both seek to challenge government institutions, elections, and th ey all piss public policy choices (Brunell, 2005). Nonetheless, there are significant variations between these two bodies. Generally, interest groups never directly support their own members to competition for public office, especially in a case where economic contention is concerned. In most cases, interest groups never adopt overt society labels, which electors use to identify and express their political affiliations (Dulilio & Wilson, 2011).However, some electors may striking particular interest groups with specific parties in a general manner. For example, the afternoon tea Party is oftentimes linked with the Republicans and the white materialistics. In the recent past, public interest groups that are ideologically driven pee increased considerably (King, 2011). For instance, a there are some groups which select repeled the evaluate docket in political circles. Another distinguishing factor is that interest groups have a limited focus, and they only handle specific issues of concern in the public policy.For example, interest groups form around specific concerns like environment, free speech, tax reform, and labor standards (Petracca, 1992). In contrast to this, political parties tend to focus on several issues. Moreover, political parties try to merge some of these facades under one big umbrella. In some circumstances, interest groups seriously battle against political parties. For instance, some internal rivalries have been witnessed in key political parties that operate in Texas.When elections were conducted in 2000, several environmentalists who were members of the Texas Democratic Party massively supported Ralph Nader, the Green Party candidate, since they felt that Al Gore was less committed toward environmental issues. They labeled him not green enough. On the other hand, some Republicans have tried to make the party conservative by working against some of their Republican colleagues. This indicates that the interest groups tend to fav or parties and politicians that support their interests, and they ignore those who are less committed in destiny them.Interest groups always aim at maximizing policies, while political parties are usually trying to obtain many social intercourse seats. These competing interests puzzle out the manner political parties relate with the interest groups. According Thomas Brunell, interest groups have a preference as which party controls a absolute majority of seats in Congress, which leads them to direct sincere and electorally useful money to this party (Hay, 2001) When interest groups offer funds to the other party, they always fund it in a manner that is less effective.Interest groups usually execute this coating by offering strategic funds to this party as follows provide little pecuniary support particularly to the popular candidates who do not necessarily have to be funded in order to succeed in the elections. They can also choose to fund incumbent candidates who already have political clout. Therefore, even if these groups offer funds to these parties, they always do it in a biased manner, and they favor only the parties that are likely to push forward their interests.These funds enable their preferred candidates to run their campaigns smoothly without experiencing financial hitches. Apart from offering finances, interest groups also provide key info that enables their favorite candidates to be more competitive than other contenders. They also sensify their preferred candidates on issues that always influence election outcomes. All these run are organized by interest groups with an aim of fulfilling their common objective of influencing election results and policies. The fact that these institutions have a relationship is therefore undeniable.These groups often forge close ties and pursue similar objectives in order to enhance their political clout. Nonetheless, they remain independent, and their nature of operation and design also remain different. The space for action, speech and flexibility that is maintained in politics makes them ofttimes more political than interest groups (Grossman, 2002). How Interest Groups Try to Influence the chair and the Congress? Although interest groups do not directly have elective members in political offices, they do aim at fixing their members into institute positions.They normally do this to enable them perform their state functions through mechanisms that support the desired policies of the interests groups that facilitated their appointments. The fact that groups operate as political players has always been recognise and examined, even if not properly understood. The manipulation of legislative processes by groups is a question that has not yet been answered, and it is still macrocosm begged. Between the current of the 1970 and 1980s, some explosions were witnessed in Washington, and researchers have wanted to clearly understand them.As many groups emerged in Washington, many peopl e joined them, and the groups increasingly funded parties. The citizens at the same time criticized the roles of interest groups and joined them in large number probably to suppress the powerful corporate groups. The role of groups in policy issues seemed to have taken a new dimension, and everyone was keen to see how it happened. Therefore, it can be argued that group manipulation of the Congress can be identify by simply examining the development of legislation that a group is favoring.For instance, a groups ineffectiveness in legislative process can be measured through its failure to intercept unpopular bills. In general, interest group activities predict, at least in part, how far bills testament progress through the legislative process (Brunell, 2005). The term influence as applied in this context is quite narrow from the perspective of interest groups, and it is broad from a congressional perspective. Interest groups perceive influence as a process that should produce good p olicies or prevent unenviable policies from being adopted.However, a group does not have to obtain policies from the Congress that directly indicate their actual desires rather a groups influence is seen when the Congress makes or discards a policy, which is in line with the interests of a group. From a congressional perspective, influence emerging from interest groups can come in several ways. Interest groups are often said to have manipulated the Congress when its members are compelled or encouraged to pitch the course or provisions of a given bill in order to go through the demands of the interest groups. This influence might come in the form of a change of wording, a passage from a subcommittee, and not passing from a standing committee (Orman, 1988). In this process, interest groups may lead to the change of legislation, and the president may not have the capacity to reverse the social unit process of legislation, even if he does not like the content of the bill. On the oth er hand, the president can also manipulate the Congress by working closely with the interest groups. As discussed to a higher place, the faithfulness making process can be indirectly manipulated through elections.For instance, an incumbent President may pass some bills in favor of some groups so that he may get some support from them during the next elections. Besides this, interest groups may support pliable candidates whom they can easily manipulate during the law making processes. This symbiotic relationship between the interest groups and the politicians to some consequence affect the capacity of both the president and the Congress to formulate effective laws. Politics in America has become complicated to many politicians.This is because interest groups have managed to seriously entrench themselves in politics and much of their wariness has been geared towards influencing the White House. Since the American President has come to play an increasingly important role in the pub lic policy process, interest groups and their lobbyists instantaneously occur on the presidency with the same vigor as they descend on the congress (Orman, 1988). In this context, the president is faced with the challenge of fulfilling the demand of the ordinary citizens and the interest groups. Interest groups have faced much upbraiding especially when it comes to policy issues.Its critics contend that most of the policy issues dealt with by interests groups have no connection to the desires of the public. The leaders of these groups have also been blamed for being dishonest because they always fail to fulfill the demands of their members. The weaknesses of the interests groups have been seen as one of the factors interfering with democracy in the USA. It has also been noted with a litter of concern that some political candidates have been seriously intimidated by some interest groups, and this further affects the reputation of the interest groups.ConclusionThe above discussi on indicates that the American government is guided various institutions, which work together with an aim of building a more democratic society. The interest groups have been instrumental in addressing the plight of the public by ensuring that policy issues are handled properly. The effectiveness of the government has also been enhanced by the numerous contending interests. The American government has been able to adopt better policies due to the serious competition that exists among various institutions. These groups have played a fundamental role of widening the democratic space in America.The American government has been influenced by several groups over the years to an extent that some individuals refer to it as a world of interest groups. The interest groups should, therefore remain committed towards enhancing democracy and good governance. And I think those groups have same mission, its to make the government do something right like that should be. for example, national educat ion thinks that the system of lesson in ur country have to be changed because it is not effective, so the pull in the data to support their argument, and send it to government, and hope it will influence the policy.

Blockbuster image

There are 2 types of variegation related and unrelated. cogitate diversification is where the guild enters an associated market/ industry darn unrelated diversification enters a market/industry with minimal to no experience at all. Relating these strategies to Blockbuster Inc, menstruum portfolio, it loud seem that H. W. Huskinesss focus is on Diversification. As diversification is the option which entails the greatest risk (and potentially the greatest reward), alternatives moldiness be presented to ensure that a) risk would be minimized and b) sustainability/growth must be achieved. A. reform market penetration by concentrating resources on picture rentals only. Financially, a low-risk option where the company will continue to earn or potentially increase their revenue by obtaining video rental customers from their competitors with forbidden having to leave out on acquiring ewe and unsure coursees. O Sell previously acquired business units (e. Music retailer, TV and film shares, etc) and re trust slap-up on promotions and rebinding as necessary. O Company could further specialize in current fruit merchandise and development. O The concept of lay your eggs in one ring is somewhat of a risk in itself as the company would be fully reliant on the video rental market alone. B. Improve market penetration and venture on market development o This option has the benefits of Option A above without the risk of fully investiture company resources n the local anesthetic video rental market alone.As the local market is coitusly saturated, wise markets may be obtained internationally. O The relative risk is that investing in stores internationally will require capital and that the international markets may not be as responsive as local ones. C. Maintain/improve current slaying of Video Rental sub-unit and Continue Diversification o Relatively risky option where current resources will be apply not only to explore new products precisely explore new market s as well. O This option nonetheless, when executed properly can ensure the companys true not only as a video rental giant but as an frolic company. Done in the wrong way however can lead to disastrous results and the companys downfall eventually. Current capital do through the cash cow of video rentals can be used to subsidize the newly purchased businesses in terms of capital investment, research and the alike(p) to improve the companys position in the market for such. O If met with a legitimate level of success, the company can also explore market/product development for not only video rentals but for their new products as well. V. Decision Option C Maintain/improve current performance of Video Rental sub-unit and Continue Diversification Though risky and action/capital intensive at the start, having the foresight of venturing into other forms related business as well would be most logical.However, through careful prep and prudent investing of current resources for future endeavors (in this case packaging the company as an upcoming changes in market structure and customer demand. consume and TV shares can be considered as backward integration which could prove their hold on the home sport market while putting up entertainment centers can be seen as moving out of the same niche which they have thrived in for the past years. All this, while keeping their thriving home entertainment business segment intact. The draw here in essence is to milk the cow for whatever its got, invest profits to penetrate new markets, engage in new segments and unendingly redesign the company to meet the ever changing needs of the entertainment scene.Should this option fail if the related investments falter, the company should still be open to function at the present tit its strong market presence. devoted however that the industry has been classified as a slow maturation one, opportunities to gain more market share and/or segments should never be overlooked. Researc hing and adapting to new forms media for home entertainment should be focus of Blockbuster Inc (I. E. overlap development) if they want to retain their claim as one of the biggest home entertainment companies. 1 Anions Growth Strategy Matrix, Business Strategy http//www. Acanthus. Com/databanks/ strategy/business_strategy. PH? Asps (Accessed on July 1 2, 2013)

Business Ownership Essay

on that point be three different forms of line of credit be argonrship, the resole Proprietorship, the Partnership, and the Corporation. Each of these byplayes get under ones skin major advantages and disadvantages.The sole ownership is a line of merchandise which is owned and managed by angiotensin converting enzyme man-to-man. rough of its advantages be, the ease of formation, its attention decl are, and its dispersal of win. Some of the disadvantages are, its unlimited liability, the lack of continuity, the capital letter requirements.Lets find with the advantages. A sole proprietorship is very easy to create. Anyone who wants their own task simply pauperizations to get the necessary licenses from, for pillow slip, the state of matter, the county, and/or their local anaesthetic goernment. afterward he or she meet these licenses, he/she passel begin operational their concern.In a sole proprietorship, the sole proprietor has full escort over his/her op erations. Be accept he/she has this control, they hind end respond quickly to the changes that may make pass in the market. This is a coarse motivator for a sole proprietor because he/she can keep up with the trends.The sole proprietor overly owns all the network that his/her business takes in. They themselves own the business and in that locationfore do non have to distribute the profits with anyone else. The only thing that he/she needs to do with the profits is pay the company expenses and the rest is theirs to do with as they please. This tends to be a great incentive for a sole proprietor.Next, we have the disadvantages. The sole proprietorship has unlimited individualised liability. The sole proprietor is in-personly liable for all of the businesses debts. He/she is the sole owner, which means there is no one else responsible to contributing to the payment of debts. This is one of the biggest disadvantages of a sole proprietorship. in that respect is as well a lack o f continuity in a proprietorship. If for any(prenominal) reason the sole proprietor dies, retires, or becomes incapacitated, the business could end. When this happens, if a member of the family, or an employee, does not take over the business, the business could be in big trouble.A proprietorship is ordinarily a small business, and to find good employees that are dedicated to staying with the business could be hard. The reason for this is that most tidy sum look for security, and advancement in their employment, this normally does not exist in businesses which are small. If no one takes over the business, and the business had debts, creditors can go to the courts for a petition to sell glowering the as lays so that they can pay back these debts, hence the business has discontinued.It is in worry manner very hard in a sole proprietorship to obtain capital. Most banks and other lending institutions have certain formulas/requirements for determining how legal a borrower may be. Many proprietorships do not meet these formulas/requirements and are therefore limited to whatever capital the owner has to contribute, and whatever funds he/she can borrow. This can be a major set back in a proprietorship depending on the amount of capital the owner has to invest.The next form of business ownership is the alliance. A partnership is an association of two or more people who co own a business for the purpose of making a profit. Some of its advantages are its ease of formation, its distribution of profits, its capital requirements, and its tax income. Some of its disadvantages are, its unlimited liability, its lack of continuity, and it management control.Once again, lets start with the advantages. The partnership, like the sole proprietorship, is also easy to devote. All the owners have to do is obtain the necessary business licenses, and submit a few required forms. If the business is run under(a) a trade name, the partners leave behind have to file for a prese nt to conduct their business. When the accomplish all of the above, they can start operating their business.In a partnership, an agreement is usually made up outlining the share of profits each partner should receive. It is necessary for the partners to abide by this agreement when it comes to distributing the profits to ensure that each partner receives the right amount. Besides for this technique, there are no restrictions as to how the partners distribute the companys profits, they just need to stay consistent with the agreement.A partnership also has a broader kitten of capital than the sole proprietorship. In comparison to the sole proprietorship, the partnership has several(prenominal) owners instead of one. This means that each partners personal assets go out support a larger borrowing capacity from lending institutions.When you are a part of a partnership, the business is not subject to federal taxation. A partnerships net income/losses are passed along to the partners as personal income, in which the partners have to pay income tax on. This way, the partnership avoids restate taxation.Next, we have the disadvantages of the partnership. One of its main disadvantages is its unlimited liability. One partner is presumptuousness the title of the general partner. This means that if there are any problems (for example with debts), that partner assumes full responsibility. This is also why the general partner is usually the partner with the least personal resources.A partnership, once again like the Sole Proprietorship, has a lack of continuity. Complications begin to arise if one of the partners die. A partnerships interest inheritance is often non-transferrable because the remaining partner may not agree on working with the person which inherited that portion of the partnership. This would cause great implications in the partnership because one person is no longer there, which means the work that person was responsible for now has to be distributed am ong the rest. There is a way of avoiding this problem though, the partners can agree on who will obtain the partnership interest in the event of them dying.Lastly, there is great potential for conflicts in a partnership. There is no longer one owner which means control is distributed among several people.With several people in control, there is no way to completely avoid conflicts. However, the partners will have to learn to work through their problems by communicating with each other. If they do not do this, their conflicts will remain unresolved which could end up being the cause of their partnership, and business, failing. Communication is essential in a partnership, as it is in any form of business.Finally, there is the mint. A deal is a separate legal entity apart from its owners, in which receives the right to exist from the state in which it is incorporated. It is the most complex of the three major forms of business ownership.Some of the advantages are, its limited liabili ty, its capital requirements, and its continuity. Its disadvantages are, the speak to and time in the in pot process, the double taxation, and the loss of management control.A corporation lets its investors limit their liability to the corporation by letting them decide the total amount of investment in the business. This is allowed because it is a separate legal entity, whereas a Sole Proprietorship and a Partnership are not. This also gives the corporation stockholders legal protection towards their personal assets outside the business.A corporation has great ability when it comes to attracting capital. The only terminal point they have, is the number of shares authorized in its charter, this too can be changed. The corporation can raise money by simply selling shares of round of its stock to investors. This way they gain money to begin business and expand.A corporations future does not lie in the hands of one individual person. It has shares worldwide, and will continue to liv e as long as people invest in it. The only way a corporation can discontinue, is if it fails to pay its taxes or is limited to a specific length of manner by the charter.Next, there are the disadvantages. To start a corporation it can be costlyand time consuming. The actual creating of the corporation can cost between $500 and $2,500. There are also fees involved in establishing a corporation which does not exist with a sole proprietorship, or a partnership. In some states you need the assistance of an attorney to establish the corporation, whereas in others you can do it all on your own.A corporation also has the disadvantage of double taxation. This means that it must pay taxes on its net income at the federal level, in most states, and to some local governments as well. The corporation pays taxes on dividends at the corporate tax rate, hence stockholders must pay taxes on the dividends they receive from the same profits at the individual tax rate. As you can see it is being tax ed twice.Theres also a potential loss of control by the founder(s) of the corporation. When shares are sold in the company, you are really selling shares of ownership, which gives some control to the person who bought the share. The more shares the founder sells to gain capital, the more control he/she is losing. This could be a big problem and amount to a great loss of control for the founder if he/she needs a large capital infusion.Lastly, the profits of the corporation are widely distributed. hoi polloi all over the world can obtain shares on the corporation, and therefore receive dividends from the corporation. Therefore the profits are widely distributed among all the shareholders.As you can see from the information I have given, there are three major types of business ownership. All of these types have their advantages and disadvantages, so it depends on what you decide is better for you in starting a business.

Family planning Essay

Stu take places show that the youth be more under fire(predicate) and at a greater risk without proper reproductive health services. Young pregnancies account for 30% of all daily births in the Philippines. correspond to the Commission on Population, 3 out of 4 young women die everyday because of maternal(p) complications. Furthermore, A study by the National Epidemiology magnetic core in 2005 shows young pregnancies have the highest rate of fetal deaths, especially by women under age 15. In December 2010, the Department of Health reports that at that place are 489 cases of young men and women infected with HIV. There are 6 new and unique detections of HIV everyday, 59% of which is in 20-29 years senior bracket and 28% belong to the 15-24 years age range. In tone with these problems, there is a need to make solutions. One of great solutions would be the slaying of the Reproductive Health measuring stick, or the RH report. One of the aims of the RH bill is to solve these p roblems by providing access medically safe, legal, affordable and tone natural and modern family planning methods.The RH bill also aims to sanction universal access to information about birth control and maternal sustentation. Thus, the RH Bill should be passed because it helps the Philippines to lean towards progress by whirl women healthcare, providing sexual education to students, and helping the Filipinos to have responsible family planning. There are reasons why the reproductive health bill is not yet passed however, bulk of the people count that the advantages brought by the implementation of the reproductive health bill will outweigh the cons that go with it. According to the survey hosted by split second Asia, 69% of the respondents from different regions are pro RH bill and they believe that the implementation of the bill would do more good than harm. The first glib disadvantage is that the specie that will be used in documentation the bill would be subject to corr uption from officials. An estimate of 14 cardinal pesos would be allotted to the bill if the bill would be implemented (Department of Health, 2012). The bills involved can blind those corruptofficials however, health and development should be prioritized. The bill provides healthcare services to women and the marginalized.The Women and marginalized are prioritized by providing for their necessarily such as legal, affordable and quality reproductive health care services. After the implementation of the bill, the State guarantees universal access to medically-safe, legal, affordable and quality reproductive health care services, methods, devices, supplies and relevant information thereon even as it prioritizes the needs of women and children, among other underprivileged sectors (SECTION 2, RH Bill, 2008). Furthermore, women seeking care for post-abortion complications shall be set and counseled in a humane, non-judgmental and compassionate manner. The government shall ensure that women seeking care for post-abortion complications shall be treated and counseled in a humane, non-judgmental and compassionate manner. (SECTION 3, RH Bill, 2008). The health and development of the marginalized sector and the women should be clearly prioritized over the risk of the money being stolen by corrupted officials. S

Obama’s Election and First 100 Days

The American political relation proved to be dynamic and changing over the geezerhood. The changes was seen considerable in a sense impression that voters no longer con lieur race and cloak as a basis on selecting leaders in the country. Many people across the globe are even greatly involved of the latest presidential option since changes in public opinion are evident. In the stage setting of Obamas choice and the first matchless hundred age of his serve up as chairperson of the country, we may probe the American politics in terms of voting behavior, public opinion, elections and political parties.Primarily, the election of Obama as the President can be attributed to his desire to serve the country. Being a corporation organizer and tough politician in Chicago, he was able to coach a political clout that brought him to where he is now. He is prepared to scene the challenges before he ventured into the highest executive post in the country. It is difficult to analyze the development of American politics without understanding the behavior of candidates since it is a element that affects winning the most coveted seat in American political leadership.In the case of Obama, he persuaded some influential politicians that could endorse him into the presidency. In separate words, the determination of Barack Obama to defy all things that would prevent him to win in the presidential elections military serviceed him legally seized antecedent from the sometime(prenominal) President. Thus, within two years up to his candidacy, he made sure that he would not be involved on nasty and huge political issues to build a name for the voters to choose during the elections.In connection, in that location are additional factors that direct to the supremacy of Barack Obama in the Presidential elections. These factors include voting behavior, public opinion, election machineries and political parties. In terms of voting behavior, it is apparent that voters are t o a greater extent aware of their rights as considerably as benefits compared to the past. When Barack Obama rendered his turn on speech at the Democratic National Convention four years ago, voters and commentators stated that Barack Obama would drop dead the first black President of America (Liberty Lounge 1).This comment catapulted voters to abide over their new leadership prospect and decide to take side on him. The behavior of the voting public is glued on the accident of electing a black President since Barack Obama was able to shield himself from political detractors on the way. Even young children are aware of the popularity of Barack Obama which made their parents think of the speculation of making him the next President of the country. With that, young voters showed a huge difference of opinion in the presidential elections.In fact, young voters volunteered to organize campaign activities for Obama and back up in raising funds for his political machinery. The effort s of these young people contributed so much for the election of the first black President. Many voters also gave comments that the election of Obama is revolutionary, historic, and record breaking. Gone are the days when elections for President are for washrag Americans only. The American voters are now willing to entrust their future to a black leader in a country wherein race and intensity resulted to chaos and dilemmas so many years ago.This phenomenon is historic and revolutionary because its huge impact to the voters marked the start of gaining more than cooperation, freedom and liberty. On the other hand, public opinion shaped and molded the way for Barack Obama to be pick out as President. The role of the intelligence information media on his success is vital since the voters could not have considered voting him if not for the massive campaign through news media and other channels of public information. In fact, modern technology overstated the candidacy of Barack Obam a.It is also undeniable that Obama expertly utilized interactive loving technology. Other means of electoral campaign for Obama includes employing blogs, click-to-donate tools, phone brigade, text brigade, house-to-house campaigns, and even online updates on the election (Sarmiento 1). Besides, presidential and vice-presidential debates that are televised aided voters in choosing their candidates for the elections. Above all, the television media, radio, and print media has done their job well in keeping the electorate informed on the differences of the official candidates for President in America.Hence, public opinion easily shaped the choice of the people for their leader. With assess to political parties in relation to American politics, it is worth to mention that in that location is a shift from Republican to Democratic. It is clear that citizens and individuals in the United States now were aligned to Democratic political party principles in terms of their political orie ntation. In the year 2008, majority of the voters leaned to the Democratic company (Sarmiento 1).The fact is that there were 29 states and the District of Columbia which are involved with increased Democratic Party affiliation (Liberty Lounge 1). Barack Obama is identified with the Democrats and was chosen by the majority of the citizens in the country. In American politics, the aspect of public opinion, political parties, electoral campaigns, and electoral behavior. In these past few days within the first one hundred days period of the leadership of Obama, it is apparent that these aspects of American politics are identifiable.We take a closer look on the results of the electoral behavior and public opinion after the elections. Since Obama inherited sparing problems from the past President, he faced tremendous scrutiny from the public on how he would carry on despite the problems. Many activists warned the new administration to hold back from overreaching to the people. It is evi dent that within the first one hundred days of Obama as President, he started implementing policies in order to save the economy which was questioned by some people.He also initiated the repair of the broken healthcare system, endpoint two wars, fixing poverty and inequality dilemmas, and wiping the stained US spirit in the world. Although the presence of both Democratic Party and Republican Party within the American political system stimulated the political processes, there is no way to prevent Obama in implementing his ways to improve the country. As conclusion, it is evident that Obama won the elections because of his charismatic aura and ability to render electrifying speeches.This also includes the apparent willingness to inherit economic problems from the past administration and to help the people cope up with the crises. The American political system has also changed from being conservative to a more revolutionary one. Race and color is no longer a barrier in attaining poli tical power in the country. Hence, Obamas election and first one hundred days may be tremendously scrutinized, yet it marked the start of more revolutionary governance in consonance to the will of solving economic problems as a primary goal.Works CitedAnalysis Organization, strategy keys to Obama victory. 5 November 2008. Liberty Lounge. 4 May 2009 http//www.libertylounge.net/forums/36978-post-election-analysis-why-obama-won.html..Sarmiento, Rene. 10 Lessons Learned from the US Presidential Elections. 19 January 2009. ABS-CBN News. 4 May 2009 http//www.abs-cbnnews.com/features/01/19/09/10-lessons-learned-us-presidential-elections .