Marketing research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Marketing - Research Paper Example They may become the center of discussions and ridicule among peers, thus making them suffer a psychological blow. Adults on the hand, are not as much affected as children, but suffer all the same in different dimensions that may include financial or even emotional (Basch, 45). The subject of divorce has developed to be a key social factor and plays a central role in human development as witnessed in legal courts, legislative arms and other aspects of law. The reason for such magnitude of importance is that it has risen so much to affect so many families across the globe. The effect sometimes streams to affect different aspects of the development of the country (Basch, 32). Answer for most people is to make divorce difficult to get, but still attainable. That is factored by making it the last option to solving family disputes but not the first. Before committing to divorce, the concerned parties should critically analyze the circumstances under which divorce will subject them to (Basch, 55-56). Compared to women, more men support separation for protection of their social status. They always pay little regard to their children and can consider starting new families and new lives so quickly (Riley, 55). Among an interviewed population of approximately 6000 that included both genders, not divorced and divorced alike, different answers were sustained. The men opted for divorce at a percentage ratio of 50.88: 49.12 of women. More whites view divorce as a solution to irreconcilable marital differences. The factor is fueled by the financial status that enables them to pay alimony and other dues. A white percentage of 79.24, compared to 20.77 of both Hispanic and Blacks favor divorce. Hispanic people do not support, divorce for cultural reasons, whilst the Africans fear divorce because of the inability to meet the alimony fines (Riley, 67). Divorce among the High School Graduates has always been high. Lack of proper education and peer

Gender Roles Exploited with Humor Essay Example for Free

Gender Roles Exploited with Humor Essay The use of gender roles and stereotypes in commercials has slowly become more of an issue as men and women’s true societal roles have undoubtedly changed over time. The push for women’s equality over the past 50 years has been progressing each and every year, and rightly so. As women have become more self-sufficient in their everyday lives, their dependency from males and gender stereotypes have been changing drastically. These social changes have also sparked the progression of gender roles in advertisement and how men and women are presented to the public through television. Recently, many commercials have made drastic efforts in order to present more equal gender roles by trying to eliminate some of the stereotypes that have been part of our society for years. However, despite many of the progressions that have been made, commercials tend to revert back to some of the old stereotypes and perceived gender roles in order to create humor. One type of humor that has been prevalent in many recent commercials is the exploitation of gender stereotypes in an attempt to make a mockery of certain socially acceptable gender roles and actions, while at the same time displaying some of the characteristics that are not accepted by society. The humor in these types of commercials comes through the comparison of the same actions performed by both men and women, but one of the genders looks ridiculous performing these actions, despite the fact that they are the same. This type of marketing technique tends to cause a disproportion of equality between the two genders, because it is displaying how the actions of one gender are accepted by society, while similar actions by the other gender just appear to be unreasonable. In order to create a comedic effect in their commercials, many companies have started to disregard the progression for equality in gender roles and have started to display some of the same old gender stereotypes that w e, as a society, have tried to separate from. Through my exploration of Snickers and Heineken commercials, I was able to outline a very particular style of comedy that affected both genders in negative ways. Two very well known brands, Heineken and Snickers, have started to show men displaying some of the female stereotypes we have seen in other commercials. Now, some might say that this is a good thing because it is trying to blur the line between the two stereotypes and show that men can experience some of the same things that women do. However, I see this as quite the opposite. It seems that use of men displaying female stereotypes is, in a sense, making fun of the women. While the brands have achieved their ultimate goal of providing a humorous commercial, this humor comes at the expense of us laughing at how ridiculous the men appear when they are acting out some of the women stereotypes. To get a better understanding of how the commercials are creating this style of satire, lets take a closer look at some examples from Heineken. In a Heineken commercial from 2009, the scene starts out inside a home, and the women of the house leads a group of her five girl friends through the living room, the kitchen, her bedroom, and eventually they arrive outside of a closet. The woman proceeds to proudly open up the closet doors, unveiling shelves full of shoes and clothes, with a table in the middle full of shimmering jewelry. All of the woman’s friends go absolutely crazy and begin jumping up and down while simultaneously releasing screams of excitement. As the excitement begins to die down, they hear faint cries of excitement coming from across the house. The scene then immediately switches over to the men’s closet, a walk-in freezer, full of Heineken beer. All of the men appear to be imitating the women’s excitement that was displayed moments earlier, with slight exaggeration, as one of the men begins to shed a tear. The two stereotypes displayed in this commercial were pretty clear. It shows men getting overly excited about a room full of beer, while women are getting excited over a room full of shoes and jewelry. These stereotypes are not what make the commercial offensive to any one of the particular genders though. When the audience sees men getting excited over beer as much as women get excited over shoes it tends to expose the ridiculousness in the actions of women because people are thinking â€Å"wow†¦imagine if men got as excited over beer as women got over shoes†¦that would be stupid†. This train of thought is what starts to draw the lines between men and women and how one gender’s actions can be accepted by society, but similar actions from the other cannot. It suggests that men should remain calm, cool, and collective at all times unless they want it to be viewed as a joke. On the reverse side, it suggests to women that their actions are only acceptable because they’re girls, and that if men were to do the same thing, it would appear ridiculous. The next commercial I looked at was a Snickers Super Bowl commercial from 2010. The commercial shows three men working at a construction site, all of the sudden one of the men transforms from a man in work boots and a hardhat, into a women with nice clothes and heels, while still standing in the middle of the construction site. After this transformation the â€Å"woman† begins to complain about the work and how hot it is outside. The two men look at the women with a disgusted look on their face and advise her to â€Å"eat a Snickers†¦you turn into a diva when you’re hungry†. The woman gets tossed a Snickers bar from one of the men, takes a bite, and suddenly transforms back into his original character as a construction worker. This commercial displays one of the very old and outdated stereotypes of women not being able to perform laborious tasks. When the man turns into a woman, he begins to start complaining about the hard work and the hot weather. This commercial again exposes how unacceptable it would be if a man were to act like a woman on the job. In contrast, it also tries to show how out of place a woman would look on a construction site by placing a nicely dressed woman in the middle of the dirt filled construction area. It attempts to show how men are expected to be tough and free of complaints, unless they want to be ridiculed by their co-workers with words such as â€Å"diva†. The commercial implies that as soon as men start to complain about work or being tired, they are immediately labeled as having female characteristics due to our current stereotypical views on gender roles and actions. Through these commercials I have discussed above, it is clear that some of the new tactics for adding humor to commercials has become a sort of mockery of the stereotypes between men and women. Heineken and Snickers have both tried to show scenarios in which we see men behaving like women in an attempt to show how ridiculous it would be if males were to exhibit some of the same social stereotypes we associate with women. By doing this, the two commercials begin to draw a line between the actions and characteristics that are acceptable for women, but not for men. These marketing schemes are detrimental because they provide a clear example of how society can accept the actions of one gender, but when the other gender performs some of the same actions it becomes humorous satire. I think that a comedic commercial without gender stereotypes would appear much more sophisticated and would be better received by the public. I hope that advertising agencies will begin to realize this and that future commercials will appear both humorous and professional.

Gone With The Wind Essay -- Summary Book Review Essays

Gone With the Wind The novel being summarized is titled Gone with the Wind, written by Margaret Mitchell. It was published in 1936, after it took her seven years to write, and won a Pulitzer Prize in 1937. Gone with the Wind was the only book Ms. Mitchell wrote and is an American Classic. Gone with the Wind was a story of men and women living in the south during the war between the states and of the south’s transformation after the war. The novel began in about 1861 at Tara and Twelve Oaks, two southern plantations in Georgia. We were given a glance of the hospitality and generosity of plantation life. When the men went off to war, the women moved to Atlanta. While in Atlanta, they worked as nurses as they awaited the return of their men. Sherman’s troops marched in and burned Atlanta, so the women were forced to leave. They returned to Tara, where we observed the destruction and desolation of the land. After the war, the story shifted back and forth between Atlanta and Tara. We experienc ed the struggles to save Tara, rebuild Atlanta, and the effects of the carpetbaggers. The story continued until about 1871 as the main characters began to regain the security and grace of the days before the war. There were four main characters in the story. They were Scarlett O’Hara, Ashley Wilkes, Melanie Hamilton-Wilkes, and Rhett Butler. Scarlett, Ashley, and Melanie were raised together, and Rhett Butler was an outsider who came from Charleston. Scarlett was the daughter of a wealt...

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

Main Theme I decided to write about one of the themes of A Doll's House's. I thought the main theme was a classic case of women’s suffrage. How Nora parted from society. Breaking away from the social standards of their time and acting the way they want is showed by several of the characters. No one character demonstrates this better than Nora. The time period in which the play takes place, women were not to be asserting themselves. Women were supposed to support their husbands, take care of their children, and made sure everything was perfect around the house. Work, politics, and decisions were left to the men. Nora's first break from society was when she decided to borrow money to pay for her husbands treatment. By doing this, she not only broke the law but she stepped away from the role women play in her society. She was suppose to be helpless and completely dependent upon Torvald. Nora's second break from society was shown by her decision to leave Torvald and her children. She was suppose to be under her husband. This is shown in the way Torvald spoke down to her. He would say things like, "worries that you couldn't possibly help me with," and, "Nora, Nora, just like a woman." She is almost considered to be property of his. By walking out on her family, she takes a position equal to her husband and brakes the rules of society. Nora also brakes society's expectations of staying in a marriage since divorce was unheard of during that era. Her decision was a separation from all expectations put on a woman and a wife by society. Nora knew the consequences her decisions. They were very deliberate and thought out. She knew what society expected of her and continued to do what she felt is right. I think Ibsen was sympathetic to Nora. Her examples of defying the stereo type of women were used Ibsen to show faults of society. In the first example, Ibsen shows that even though Nora did the right thing, it was deemed wrong and not allowed by society because she was a woman. Ibsen is critical of society's expectations of a marriage. He does this by showing how Nora is forced to be a wife, than be herself and this eventually deteriorates the marriage. Throughout the play Nora is looked down upon and treated as a possession by her husband.

Parenting Skills Essay

1. What role do you think discipline plays in developing a child’s self-esteem? What forms of discipline best serve the self-esteem of the child or adolescent? 2. List and discuss how activities, clubs, or sports, impact the self-esteem of children and parents. Provide at least two activities, clubs, or sports in your answer. Discussion Answers 1. I think that discipline done correctly could help in a child’s self-esteem. When you discipline a child make sure that they understand WHY and it makes them feel trustworthy, and included. If you treat discipline like a dictatorship the child feels like you’re abusive and they are stupid and untrustworthy. people with low self-esteem generally Fail to achieve their goals, Are not able to pursue accomplishments in a responsible and disciplined manner, Have poor communication skills, Have a pessimistic view on life, Are prone to anxiety, depression, hostility, loneliness, shame, and guilt, Form unhealthy, destructive relationships with others, and Make decisions in life more to please others than to adhere to their own interests and value systems. I think that discipline done correctly could help in a child’s self-esteem. When you discipline a child make sure that they need to understand what is happening and they need to feel included. If you treat discipline like a dictatorship the child feels like you’re abusive. people with low self-esteem generally fail to achieve their goals, have poor communication skills, have a negative view on life and are prone to anxiety, depression, loneliness, and guilt. Also, form unhealthy, destructive relationships with others, and make decisions in life more to please others. 2. Parents should encourage children to participate in sports and clubs that are productive and give a feeling of accomplishment. However, it is not always advantageous for a parent to push a child toward a particular sport or activity because sometimes the parents will push their children towards their dream sports or activities they wanted to do as a child. 3. parents should encourage children to participate in sports and clubs that are productive and give their children a feeling of accomplishment. However, it is not always advantageous for a parent to push a child toward a particular sport or activi ty.

Film review romeo juliet Essays

Film review romeo juliet Essays Film review romeo juliet Essay Film review romeo juliet Essay Film review -Romeo and Juliet This is a review o a film we have seen recently. Its a classical love story written by Shakespeare. In this remake of the play we follow Leonardo Diaspora (Romeo) and Claire Danes Elite). Im going to reflect about the suicide in the end, and how it influences the plot and also how Shakespeare has chosen to convey teen love. What happened (very short summarize)? What happens in the end is that Romeo sees Juliet lying on the big bed surrounded by over a hundred candles. Obviously he thinks she is dead. He says that his life is tot worth living without her by his side. : So he drinks his poison and the same second as he swallows the poison Juliet wakes up. He mentioned this Just a second too late. After theyve kissed for the last time Romeo dies. Juliet takes up the gun that Romeo brought to the church and shoots herself in the head. Analysis: The end is what I thought was the most interesting part of the movie. Thats why Im going to explain and develop my thoughts about teen love. I do not think the suicidal impulse is a separate issue. I Just think its a way to convey the young love in a very throng way. If you compare to many other movies they convey young love in a different way, by a happy ending. The thing is that it doesnt give as much effect as it does in this movie. You get a much bigger sympathy for the actors and its also much easier to understand how strong their attraction to each other is. Many times teen love can be even stronger than love between adults. This is because adults may have been hurt a few times before and therefore know how it is to be heartbroken. This may cause that adults do fear to fall in love. In Robins song Indestructible she sings Im goanna love you like Vive never been hurt before. This is a very good quote which I think define, how I would describe teen love. Teens can fall in love very fast, and they can also proceed, because they have no limits how enamored they can get, and as I said, they may not know how it is to be hurt. This is what I think Shakespeare is trying (and also succeed) to convey to us readers. He put this feeling into words, he explains through the story how this young love is something that people, who has never been hurt before, can die for. And not to forget what this story is all about, forbidden love. This shows that young love is not Just something to die for. Both Romeo and Juliet are ready to deceive their families because of this. This meaner that Shakespeare seems to think that this young love is something to both deceive your family and die for, which I think is a very good explanation to make people understand this phenomenon. As you may have mentioned, I dont think that this is irrelevant to the plot. Id rather say that this is the plot. These are my thoughts and reflections of the newly produced film and worldwide known story about RomeoJuliet. film review Romeo Juliet By overoptimistic

A Jury of Her Peers Speaks Volumes Above Trifles

A Jury of Her Peers Speaks Volumes Above Trifles Free Online Research Papers â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† Speaks Volumes Above â€Å"Trifles† While Susan Glaspell’s drama â€Å"Trifles† uses actors to vocalize the many emotions of the story of the investigation of Minnie Wright, her short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† makes the emotions very clear without making a sound. Susan Glaspell’s short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† makes the reader feel the emotions evoked by Minnie Wright’s story much deeper than her drama version of the same story, â€Å"Trifles†. Glaspell uses basically the same dialogue and action in both works but she is able to elicit much stronger feelings in her short story by including descriptive passages to accompany the dialogue in her narration. These passages evoke intense feelings from the characters and introduce new emotions. The introduction of new feelings gives the story a more passionate impact on the reader and more emotional depth. The emotional depth of â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† allows the characters sentiments to be felt by the reader more easily than the sentiments conveyed by the drama â€Å"Trifles†. The intensity and range of emotions created by Glaspell’s use of narration makes the emotional impact of â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† grea ter than that of â€Å"Trifles†. In â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† and â€Å"Trifles†, the characters’ emotions are not only stated in the dialogue but are also expressed through their actions. The narration in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† makes these emotions more vivid by exaggerating the characters’ actions which places more emphasis on the feelings that provoked the action. In â€Å"Trifles†, the passage â€Å"We don’t know who killed him. We don’t know.† is delivered by Mrs. Peters â€Å"With rising voice† (Speech 130). But in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†, Glaspell has Mrs. Peters whisper the same passage â€Å"wildly† as if she is frantic to believe Minnie is innocent (182). Both passages use the same words, but the passage from â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† has a stronger emotional impact simply because of the exaggerated expression of Mrs. Peters in the descriptive narration of the story. The use of exaggerated actions makes the emotions of characters such as Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale seem more real to the reader and prompts the reader to experience exact emotions. Glaspell introduces precise wording into her short story version to bring out specific feelings from her characters. In â€Å"Trifles†, Minnie’s skirt is scrutinized by Mrs. Hale while in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† Mrs. Hale handles Minnie’s â€Å"shabby black skirt† with â€Å"carefulness† (Glaspell 178). By introducing more descriptive text, Glaspell makes Mrs. Hale’s compassion for Minnie evident to the reader. Glaspell’s new descriptive text in her short story empowers the characters with a broader range of emotions and this entices the reader to relate with the characters on a more personal level. As well as giving more impact to the characters emotions and introducing some new sentiments, Glaspell also uses new passages of text to describe the setting of the story. New passages of text included in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† allow Glaspell to have more emotional impact on the reader by describing the setting of the story for the reader. In â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†, the setting of the story is established by Glaspell before the characters ever enter the farmhouse. Glaspell’s initial description of the farmhouse is described with Mrs. Hale’s thought â€Å"it looked very lonesome† as the party of characters approach the house (â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†, 172). This foreshadows the loneliness of Minnie’s existence. In â€Å"Trifles†, Glaspell describes the setting as an â€Å"abandoned farmhouse of John Wright, a gloomy kitchen† at the beginning of the play (1291). While this does tell the reader something abo ut the setting, it does not evoke emotion as well as the narration in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†. The fact that Glaspell describes the setting well enough for the reader to envision the scene in his mind gives her short story version the ability to leave a more poignant impression on the reader. This ability makes â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† more successful at conveying the emotions of the characters and the reasons for the characters actions to the reader than â€Å"Trifles†. While Susan Glaspell’s drama â€Å"Trifles† is a great work of drama, her short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† leaves the reader with a greater degree of emotional involvement. Her use of description and narration brings the characters emotions and actions to life in the reader’s imagination. The use of precise wording in the text elicits from the reader specific emotions that are conveyed by the characters and settings. Glaspell’s use of basically the same dialogue and setting in both works makes the story familiar to the reader, but the emotions of the characters are explored more fully by the author in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†. Glaspell’s exploration of the character’s emotions and actions and the setting of the story is highly effective at impacting the reader more fully in the short story version. This effectiveness gives â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† the advantage of greater emotional impact than its predecesso r â€Å"Trifles†. Roberts, Edgar V. and Henry E. Jacobs, eds. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2007. Glaspell, Susan. â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers.† Roberts and Jacobs 172-84. . â€Å"Trifles.† Roberts and Jacobs 1291-1300. 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Reading Comprehension Lesson Plans for ESL

Reading Comprehension Lesson Plans for ESL There are many reading comprehension and dialogue resources on this site (see list below). Each reading or dialogue contains the selection, key vocabulary and expressions and a follow-up quiz. These exercises are great for individual use on the internet. They can also be incorporated into a lesson plan to help focus on specific grammar or subject areas. The following lesson plan is a blueprint to using these resources for your classes. Aim: Provide context for various grammar or subject areas Activity: Reading / dialogue comprehension Level: Beginner to intermediate Outline: Decide whether youd like to incorporate the reading / dialogue into the lesson or assign as homework.As a class, review the key vocabulary section provided with each reading/dialogue. Make sure students understand this vocabulary. If they dont, ask them to explain it to each other or use a dictionary. As a last resort, explain the word or phrase to the class in your own words.Ask students to read reading/dialogue. If you are using a dialogue, have students first read the dialogue and then pair up to practice reading the dialogue aloud. Have students switch roles and practice a number of times. Go around the class and help students with pronunciation, intonation and stress.Ask students to do the quiz on their computer and keep track of their score. Open up the exercise to discussion. Possible questions: What did you think of this reading? Can you give other examples of this type of situation and which phrases you would use? etc.Key in on vocabulary by having students create a vocabula ry tree. Ask students to add to this tree by working in small groups to find appropriate related vocabulary and phrases. Take each key word or phrase and use in a variety of questions around the class. Encourage students to do the same in small groups. Here is a list of dialogues/reading comprehension resources on the site to use with this type of lesson: Beginner - Lower Intermediate The City and the Country - Comparative form, as ... as Interview with a Famous Actor - Daily routines, present simple Whats in Your Office? - Use of there is / there are, prepositions and office furniture vocabulary What Were You Doing? - Use of the past continuous in combination with the past simple The Oregon Weather Forecast - Use of the future with will for predictions, weather vocabulary A Business Presentation - Use of the present perfect An Interview - Superlative Forms Introductions - Basic questions used when meeting someone for the first time. Filling in a Form - Basic personal information questions (name, address, etc.) The Meeting - Schedules, future plans. A New Office - This, that, some and any with objects. Cooking - Daily routines and hobbies. A Great Workout - Abilities with can, making suggestions. A Busy Day - Plans for the day, responsibilities with have to. Planning a Party - Future with will and going to Intermediate Business English Deliveries and SuppliersTaking a MessagePlacing an OrderTomorrows MeetingDiscussing Ideas English for Medical Purposes Dialogues Troubling Symptoms - Doctor and PatientJoint Pain - Doctor and PatientA Physical Examination - Doctor and PatientPain that Comes and Goes - Doctor and PatientA Prescription - Doctor and PatientHelping a Patient - Nurse and Patient Dialogues Focusing on the Service Industry Cleaning Staff - Vocabulary and requests dealing with cleaning rooms and taking care of guestsA Drink at the Bar - Vocabulary and situations related to serving customers at a bar

The New York Stock Exchange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The New York Stock Exchange - Essay Example The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is a non profit organization whose ownership is composed of 1300 members or â€Å"seats†. Richard Grasso was the Chairman of NYSE for several years during the first decade of the 21st century. He did a good job of as chairman of the NYSE increasing the productivity of the stock exchange. Some of his major accomplishments included tripling seat prices, investing $2 billion in information technology upgrades, and achieved record volume of business in a bad economy and tough competitive environment. The problem with his tenured as chairman is that he took advantage of his position to benefit economically beyond what he deserved. He also colluded with the board of directors creating agency issues that help him inflate his total compensation. For instance the Board of Directors was handpicked by Mr. Grasso. They were his puppets and would approve without debating the outrageous bonuses Richard Grasso paid himself. In 2003 when they scandal was rev ealed Richard Grasso received $2.3 million dollars in salary. The previous four years his total compensation ranged between $9.9 million and $24.2 million. Grasso was a greedy executive that acted in an unethical manner. Upon his resignation due to public pressures Grasso received a lump sum payout which included liquidation of pension plan of $140 million. The NYSE is most powerful and influential stock exchange in the world.

Economics-Market Power, Oligopoly, Monopoly Essay

Economics-Market Power, Oligopoly, Monopoly - Essay Example Depending on the premise and circumstances of the discussion it can be reasonable to argue that competition is socially harmful as compared to market power. However, the argument against competition is very weak since empirical evidence and data shows the competition has more economic benefits and support for the development of the market than a single firm holding and dominating market power over an industry. This is because there are several benefits which can be gained from having some competition in a market. For instance, competition may force prices to go down for the consumer if a lower cost producer competes in the market. Additionally, a better product might be entered into the market with actually superior or perceived superior quality. The combination of these two factors can create products which are innovative, desirable and can cause the emergence of brands within an industry. At the same time, competition may be unnecessary or wasteful if the product differentiation is very low. For instance, the battle between Coke and Pepsi for market share seems to be wasteful since the products they are marketing are very similar to begin with. However, advertising can be socially effective when the products are dissimilar and offer different benefits as in the case of computer operating systems like the ones created by Apple, Microsoft and Linux.

Project manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project manager - Essay Example State agencies should evaluate the complexity of the Project, the contract amount, and the risk if the labor is not performed effectively when deciding what components are essential. Functional department such as financial procurement and the task force facilitate smooth flow of the project. The project office consist of the project manager, steering committee to work on the project feasibility in collaboration with the various department associated with the project. The government agency function is to ensure subcontractors are put on the check to ensure they deliver. The chairman of the steering committee integrates in-house functional team and contractor. This gives a favorable environment for both parties to co-exist harmoniously to see the project accomplished (Kloppenborg 221). Department are essential in ensuring finances, and other project deliverables are availed at a timely manner. Department managers as members of the steering committee harmonize the project by ensuring the provision of necessary support are done in a convenient manner. Contracts officer authorizes the entire work directed by the project office. The contractor cost and contractual information is harmonized by the officer by incorporating the in-house functional groups and the customer. Projects are time based events that are carried out for a particular reason for a specified period. The manager restores to previous duty the moment the project is completed. A monitoring team could be instituted to ensure make randomly check to ensure the project is maintained. The project team members are responsible for maintenance of the project the moment it is initiated. Contractors are liable for any failures and the project office just facilitate the subcontractors functions by ensuring necessary supports are accorded (Kloppenborg

Article Astronomers Measure Precise Distance to Controversial Star Essay

Article Astronomers Measure Precise Distance to Controversial Star Cluster - Essay Example The further the distance of the star, the smaller the size of the parallax. Astronomy is a social activity where astronomers discuss ideas and interpret data while at the same time arguing on what the observation mean. In the scientific method, they make use of both the inductive and the deductive reasoning to learn about astronomy. In inductive reasoning, they make use of observations and use the results to make generalizations about astronomy. These generalizations may lead into a new theory or elaborations on a theory. They may also make use of deductive reasoning where the existing theories are subjected to rational considerations to come up with logical theory consequences. The consequences could result into new theories and other predictions testable through various experiments. For instance, there are radio astronomers claiming that they have determined a distance of the Pleiades cluster of star from the earth. However, the results contradict that of European satellite aimed at measuring stellar distances. The European space agency launched a Hipparcos satellite to measure a parallax of 100000 stars (Croswell, 2014). Unfortunately, a certain booster failed to fire leaving a satellite in an elliptical orbit around the earth resulting into complicated data analysis. Despite this, Hipparcos scientists released the data indicating the Pleiades cluster was closer to the earth. This raised a controversy since the analysis of data had been distorted. However, scientists agreed on a new methodology to resolve the ongoing controversy. They had to launch the Gaia spacecraft which measures parallaxes of billion stars including multiple Pleiades. The scientists are optimistic that by the end of a decade, then individuals will have a sure proof of how far the cluster is from the earth. However, this could raise more controversies if its findings contradict what the astronomers think they know. Thus, astronomers use the scientific

An Assessment of the Impact of Government debt and Deficits on the Essay

An Assessment of the Impact of Government debt and Deficits on the Economic Growth of GERMANY - Essay Example Govt Debt% ? 1998 849.393 1,996 2.14 -2.99 1999 876.963 1,997 1.74 3.25 2000 841.974 1,997 3.30 -3.99 2001 890.106 1,999 1.64 5.72 2002 955.4 2,002 0.03 7.34 2003 1,042.85 2,003 -0.39 19.10 2004 1,115.94 2,003 0.70 7.01 2005 1,189.51 2,004 0.84 6.59 2006 1,227.10 2,002 3.89 3.16 2007 1,227.05 2,004 3.39 0.00 2008 1,242.06 2,007 0.80 41.85 2009 1,352.31 2,014 -5.07 8.88 2010 1,402.61 2,006 4.02 3.72 2011 1,434.37 2,008 3.10 2.26 2012 1,553.78 2,011 0.94 8.32 Source: IMF Economic outlook 2012 Â   Â   In the 1990s, when Germany took strong political measures such us reunification, the government had to face several economic constraints as government had to incur huge expenditure on the infrastructural development of the country. Most of the government expenditure was tilted towards the eastern side of Germany, which led to the problem of unemployment. Government adopted tight monetary policy in the 1990s, but it was not able to put a control on inflation as the labor costs and taxes w ere very high. The economic problems faced by the country were eventually reflected through the growth number of the country as the growth rate stayed around 2% on average for the decade (Barassi, Caporale, Hall, 2000, pp. 45-55). The labor cost in the last 1990s was very low amid low demand of goods and services, which further worsened the situation for the country. Government took various initiatives to spur domestic demand, but it failed as consumers were not willing to spend excessively as economic problems ruled the country and unemployment was at its peak. As a result, Germany witnessed sluggish growth till 2006, when it showed signs of recovery (Doornik, & Hendry, D.F. (2001). Government debt and fiscal deficit also had a profound impact on the growth rate of Germany especially before 2005. Government had to rely on heavy borrowing to finance its public expenditures or fiscal deficit. The borrowed money was mostly used to cover administrative and infrastructural expenses. Hen ce, apart from low demand, lower expenditure on other sectors had a severe impact. After, 2005 government borrowing continued at a steady pace, but the impact of government borrowing on growth was not as pronounced as it was before 2005 (Krugman & Wells, 2009). Real GDP surged to 3.89% in 2006 due to a series of reform steps taken by the government. Although, government debt increased by 3.16% in 2006, but focus on job creation and price competitiveness helped economy recover from the problems. Germany took special initiatives that drastically supported the labor increasing their productivity and motivation. It set a wage rate for all employees irrespective of company’s profitability and supply/demand condition (Brunner, 1986, pp. 709-731). Debt and Deficit When government expenditures are greater than its revenues, the excess expenditure is termed as deficit. The expenditure includes development expenditure, administrative expenditure, employee salaries and wages etc. On the other hand, sources of government revenue include taxes, interests, sale of property/financial instruments etc. In order to finance the deficit if any, government usually borrows money from scheduled banks or from external sources to finance the de

Article Astronomers Measure Precise Distance to Controversial Star Essay

Article Astronomers Measure Precise Distance to Controversial Star Cluster - Essay Example The further the distance of the star, the smaller the size of the parallax. Astronomy is a social activity where astronomers discuss ideas and interpret data while at the same time arguing on what the observation mean. In the scientific method, they make use of both the inductive and the deductive reasoning to learn about astronomy. In inductive reasoning, they make use of observations and use the results to make generalizations about astronomy. These generalizations may lead into a new theory or elaborations on a theory. They may also make use of deductive reasoning where the existing theories are subjected to rational considerations to come up with logical theory consequences. The consequences could result into new theories and other predictions testable through various experiments. For instance, there are radio astronomers claiming that they have determined a distance of the Pleiades cluster of star from the earth. However, the results contradict that of European satellite aimed at measuring stellar distances. The European space agency launched a Hipparcos satellite to measure a parallax of 100000 stars (Croswell, 2014). Unfortunately, a certain booster failed to fire leaving a satellite in an elliptical orbit around the earth resulting into complicated data analysis. Despite this, Hipparcos scientists released the data indicating the Pleiades cluster was closer to the earth. This raised a controversy since the analysis of data had been distorted. However, scientists agreed on a new methodology to resolve the ongoing controversy. They had to launch the Gaia spacecraft which measures parallaxes of billion stars including multiple Pleiades. The scientists are optimistic that by the end of a decade, then individuals will have a sure proof of how far the cluster is from the earth. However, this could raise more controversies if its findings contradict what the astronomers think they know. Thus, astronomers use the scientific

Forensic Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Forensic Nursing - Research Paper Example The students learned while on job, mostly in healthcare facilities through observation and knowledge acquisition from experienced nurses (Burgess, Berger & Boersma, 2004). The fundamental nursing program of study focuses on firm psychological and physical science base. This essential base comprises human anatomy and physiology, behavioral sciences, biology, nursing arts, theory and general humanities. In the late 20hcentury, nursing ac a course became integral in a majority of universities. This immense advancement is attributable to demands of consumers as well as the more expansive roles for nursing. Nursing practice has undergone metamorphosis with the objective of meeting the needs of the society and the shifting clients’ needs. Conventionally, nurses have been trained as generalists and nurses with immense experience in clinical settings in specific areas are considered to be specialists. A specialty or occupation involving specialty calls for a body of practical applicat ion and theoretical knowledge. These undertakings have to be of highly specialized nature. Furthermore, a specialty area is often depicted to have a legally approved certification course which assesses the achievement of set standards. Additionally, specialty can be defined as a particular area of functional and clinical nursing with a fine, comprehensive focus for safe delivery of wide range of services in that specific nursing area. Early 1980s were a hallmark of a wide range of informal and formal nursing specialty programmes in nursing. Among pioneer specialties in nursing included areas of perinatal care, oncology and gerontology. The acknowledgment of a specialist field of practice is significantly increased with the training tracks which enhance the specialization (Lynch, 2007). Towards the end of the 20th century, it was a testament that a pioneering shift towards forensic nursing education was occurring globally at the levels of diploma, undergraduate and post-graduate. Dev elopment in this nursing specialty area was however slow compared to the already well established areas like gerontology and critical nurse care. Consequently, the educational advancement of forensic nursing was probably hampered by the need to first of all have a specialty accreditation. Forensic nursing is comprised of numerous subspecialties. In all these subcategories, the principal nursing practice is to offer care for offenders and victims both living and deceased. Such clinical care is interfaced with a legal perspective. Nurses who practice forensic application in their delivery of services are entangled to other disciplines hence it can be termed as a multidisciplinary specialty area. Such an interface allows forensic nurses to navigate systems such as child welfare system and criminal justice. Additionally, forensic nurses are linked to systems of medical examiner or coroner as well as the mental healthcare system all of which depend on provision of nursing services. Each subspecialty of forensic nursing has its own unique history and role in clinical practice development. Such factors have been influenced by societal needs reforms within healthcare settings and prisons as well as public sensitivity (Sekula, Colbert, Zoucha, Amar & Williams, 2012). An elaborate literature review in the field of forensic nursing identifies the following subspecialties in the nursing field; Forensic correctional or psychiatric nursing, sex

American Express Company Essay Example for Free

American Express Company Essay American Express Company, sometimes known as AmEx, is a diversified global financial services company headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1850, it is one of the 30 components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. At present, there are 58,300 employees worldwide working in American Express earning annual revenue of $24. 5 billion. Its assets are valued at $124 billion, with $620 billion in annual purchase volume on American Express Cards and $87. 9 million cards-in-force. Each day, American Express makes it easier, safer and more rewarding for consumers and businesses to purchase the things they need and for merchants to sell their goods and services. An engine of commerce, American Express provides innovative payment, travel and expense management solutions for individuals and businesses of all sizes. Most of all, it helps the customers realize their dreams and aspirations through industry-leading benefits, access to unique experiences, business-building insights, and global customer care. It enables its customers to do more and achieve more. The vision of American Express is to work hard every day to make American Express the world’s most respected service brand. â€Å"Living up to our values is our first priority. † They believe in three operating principles they are: Offer superior value propositions to all of the customers Operate with best-in-class economics Support the American Express brand American Express is the worlds largest card issuer by purchase volume. They process millions of transactions daily as the premium network for high-spending card-members. The American Express is also known for helping mall business owners succeed by delivering purchasing power, flexibility and financial control. Adding on to its roles American Express also provides commercial payment tools and expertise that help companies control their spending and save billions of dollars, offer marketing and information management insights that help merchants build their businesses. The American Express employees are customer loyal experts with industry-leading rewards programs and platforms. They operate the world’s largest travel network serving consumers and businesses and are recognized as the most innovative company in our industries. They are dedicated to serving their customers, 24/7, around the world. The Values which they operate on reflect who the company is and what it stands for as a company. They believe in Customer Commitment, Quality, Integrity, Teamwork, Respect for People, Good Citizenship, Will to Win Personal and Accountability. Human Resource Practices at American Express Being a service industry firm, the employees form the base of all its operations and so the company gives a lot of importance to its HR practices which starts from assessing the need for new employees or new recruits. At American Express it starts with Projecting head counts, Assigning requisition number, identifying relevant profiles and estimating the number of candidates. The recruitment process starts with projecting the head counts i. e. by assessing how many candidates are required at a particular point in time in various departments. As per the requirements identified for different departments the company assigns a Requisition Number which differentiates various job requirements from one other. The Requisition Number is a unique code assigned by the company to different jobs which consists of the job description, minimum requirement for the job and the selection criteria. American Express then identifies the profiles that are relevant as per the requirements given by the Requisition Number and then estimates as to how many candidates will actually appear for the selection process. The company uses different sourcing channels for identifying relevant profiles as per its requirements. American Express uses both internal as well as external sources of recruitment. The Internal sources of the company consist of Employee Referral and Internal Sourcing Team under which the HR department asks its employees to refer the suitable candidates as per the job requirement. A candidate selected via an Employee Referral leads to the Employees getting a specific amount as a form of reward for contributing a resource to the Organization. As a part of the External sources the company contacts with External Vendors and Consultants and also goes to colleges for hiring. Beside this the company uses Job Postings also by advertising in job portals like www. Naukri. com, www. monsterindia. com etc. American Express also uses Social Networking Sites for inviting application by posting on www. facebook. com and www. linkedin. com . Beside the electronic media the company also advertise in newspapers like Times of India and Hindustan Times. American Express, for certain type of jobs, also invites walk-ins. After deciding when to hire and selecting different profiles as per the job advertisement given, the company goes for recruitment. For the recruitment process American Express generally prefers face to face interview. Face to face interview is given preference because of the fact that American Express being a service firm needs to test a candidate’s personality , his/her body language as how the person carries himself/ herself and his attitude towards work and also how he/she interacts with people. Face to face interview besides acting as a platform for assessing an applicant on the above mentioned parameters also allows the company to check the data provided by the candidate. The decisions regarding entry level staffing depends upon the attrition level of the company at a particular period of time. The entry level staffing is done in the form of bulk hiring and contacts from employment agencies are also utilized for the same. Wherein the company sends the required qualifications along with the Requisition Numbers for the vacant positions and then these requirements are matched up with the available candidates’ profiles. American Express hires students from across Campuses of local colleges if they are invited for the same by that particular college for recruitment else they don’t go for hiring in campuses by their own judgement. The interviews are usually held on Fridays, but as the need may be, sometimes they are conducted on Saturdays and Sundays as well. The turn ups on weekend drive ranges from 300-350 for Non Voice Requirements and 150-200 for Voice Requirements. For executive hiring American Express has tie ups with employment agencies wherein experienced people are searched for the Organization. Along with executive hiring American Express is into head hunting as one of its processes for executive hiring to have talented pool of people for the organization. American Express also prefers people from IITs IIMs for filling up their executive positions. In case of executive hiring American Express generally sells its profile to have good resources for the organization. Once the selection mode is finalized then the series of face to face interviews gets started as the further steps of selection process. Executive hiring is process which requires time duration of 3-4 months at least. American Express is into Bulk Hiring for Voice Process as well as Non-Voice Process. Apart from Bulk Hiring it is also into Executive Hiring. American Express follows a set process for conducting these various levels of interview. Since the number of turn ups for the Voice Non-Voice Processes are largely high they avoid taking an initial HR Screening Process; the reason behind this is lack of time. The Requisition Numbers that they get have a deadline that need to be met hence a HR Screening Process becomes too time consuming so it is avoided in the cases of Bulk Hiring. American Express is very staunch when it comes to hiring any candidate per se. Hence they believe that a Face to Face Interview interaction would be an ideal way to judge the candidate. The American Express has four Levels of Interview. First, Personal Introduction Round, where the candidate is required to give an elaborate insight into his Educational Background, his past Work Experience, a glimpse into his personality the Attitudes and abilities he possesses. Next step is the Voice Assessment Test for Voice Process and the Written Test for the Non-Voice Process. Wherein the candidates are judged upon various parameters like, their Communication, Accent, Voice Modulation, Pronunciation, Vocabulary, Spelling, Grammer etc. The reason behind doing these tests is to find the right candidate for the right role i. e. f one would suit for a Voice or a Non-Voice Process. The third step is the Operational or the Technical Round. In this the candidate is assessed on the skills that they possess and that are crucial to meet that particular job requirements. The candidate is interviewed on his Technical competencies abilities. Finally, they have something called the Offer Round. It is also called the Salary Negotiation Round. This round is all about the Compensation Discussion, a discussion between the HR Manager the Candidate over the expected compensation the industry set Compensation Level. Once this discussion comes to a pause a final compensation is decided and an offer is rolled out to the candidate. The Levels of Interview slightly differ in the case of Executive Hiring. The First step in Executive Hiring is matching the profile according to the Requisition Number. Here the one thing that we need to make a note of is the fact that, a stringent HR Screening Process is followed, where the HR Manager strictly follows an HR Screening Checklist, to check whether the candidate matches the requirement as has been mentioned in and by the Requisition Number and the Job Description. All the other levels and steps being the same the only difference lies in the fact that they do not take any Written Test or Voice Assessment Test. This Step is eliminated from the process of Executive Hiring. The reason being that, this level generally constitutes of Top Level Management Employees Officials and their mode of operation differs from the base or Ground level Employees. Rest they go through the same levels and steps of the Interview Selection Process. American Express believes in On the Spot job offer for Bulk Hiring wherein once the interview process is completed the candidate is given an offer letter. Executive Hiring or Non Bulk Hiring Offer is rolled out in 2days. (Within which the Candidate’s Confirmation is required). When the company hires the candidates in bulk then the entire process of interviewing to offer takes around 2 days and after the completion all the selected candidates are offered a job-letter. To close each Requisition an Average of 2 months is required starting from the process of selecting the forms, short-listing the candidates then conducting group discussion and PI and finally closing up of interview takes around 2 months. Niche Skills and Top Level Security Profiles take approximately an average of 3-4months. The technical skills which are niche, uncommon and difficult in nature to find takes approximately around 3 months because in this the company looks for a specific quality which can be used for further growth and development of the organization. Profiles of Vanilla Skills take 2 months to close. The American Express conducts a thorough Criminal Background Check, education verification and work experience. All portions of the check are completed before the Employee can begin his/her employment with the Organization. These checks are often used by American Express as a means of objectively evaluating a job candidates qualifications, character, fitness, and to identify potential hiring risks for safety and security reasons. The Background check at American Express is also used to thoroughly investigate the Employees Background and past information in order to get a security clearance. So this background check is extremely crucial in American Express recruitment process. They give huge importance in the same. If any of the above mentioned criteria doesn’t match in this process or a failure to adhere to the background check norms could eventually lead to the cancellation of the Candidates offer and Blacklisting of the candidate. Wherein the company cancels the application of the candidate or the candidate’s selection is being closed. Information’s which are being written in the resume has to be genuine and should be according to the actual background, experience of the candidate and basically those perfect information reflects the personality the ability of the candidate. It is very easy for the candidate to prove or perform the same on the spot and simultaneously differentiate himself as the able candidate for the respective post. The American Express out sources its Background Check process to various firms. These are Syndicate firms which does the background check for its new hires in return for a fee amount. The On-Boarding Process begins when Candidate joins them for an informative first–day orientation where they learn the ins and outs of American Express history and culture. On-Boarding involves integrating and acculturating new employees into the organisation and providing them with the tools, resources, and knowledge to become successful and productive. It is a 2 day process. On boarding includes orientation collection of documents such as the Experience Certificate or Letter, Reference Letter, Educational Documents, Identification Proof etc. Orientation at American Express is a social function which serves as a familiarization programme provided to new employees. It stands as a ‘getting to know us’ programme. So they give information about their policies and working culture means how to work with American Express. In this on boarding process the new joiners are also made to fill various forms such as the provident fund and gratuity. A Separate Training Department with group or individual training in specified areas focused on carrying out assignments connected with related field they are working in which helps in improving the skills and knowledge of the employees. Special training is given to all the candidates from Campus Recruits to Bulk Hires to Executives who are recruited. This training focuses mainly on the rules and regulations the company follows and what all are the objectives the company has to achieve. The Training Methods or Forms of Training that American Express uses are vast. It comprises of Formal Training, for all employees whether they are new hires of existing employees. All and one have to undergo a formal training session in American Express. Another form of Training that American Express follows is Lectures and Classroom Trainings where in the Employees obtain training in a traditional classroom environment as per their convenience and time. It provides the employees with an environment that includes a lab, an instructor, and a structured approach to teaching. Another mode of Training that it follows is Online Training. This method is generally used in case of training the Top Level Officials and Managers. American Express Values every second of its Employees time especially when it is related to the Top management because they are involved with the major operations of the organization. So instead of disrespecting their time by calling them for a classroom session it looks for their convenience. They take up their training programs online which is quicker, simpler and convenient for them. The next form of Training method that they apply is Questionnaire. Where in the HR Manager floats a Questionnaire to it Employees / Trainees and they collect their responses and give them the feedback. â€Å"An unusual method of training its employees but it tends to be more effective than classroom sessions† says Saumyajit K. Pal, HR Manager (MIS Analytics), American Express.

History of China-Taiwan relationship

History of China-Taiwan relationship Taiwan has been a part of the ancient China since NanSong Dynasty ( about 960 A.D.), During the Chinese civil war from 1945 to 1949, Republic of China (ROC)s administration party, thus, KuoMinTang (KMT) evacuated to Taiwan Island and relocated the national government in Taipei, while the winner, Chinese Communist Party (CCP), has established the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing. Both parts has been claiming that they are the only lawful representative of China, however, ROCs losing of its seat in United Nation in 1971 (replaced by PRC) and the effective isolating ROC (Chen, 2006, p110) plan squeezed ROCs international spaces significantly. The United States troop firstly joined the KMT army in 1950s Taiwan Crisis (defined as Taiwan liberating battle by CCP) that has prevent Taiwan from unified by CCP and they then have singed the Mutual Defense Treaty between the USA and ROC in 1954 followed by the Taiwan Relation Art in 1979, the law regulating the US-Taiwan relationship a fter their termination of the official diplomatic relations( Wang, 2010). The US does not accept PRCs claims to sovereignty over Taiwan and CCPs definition of One-China policy and acts as the backup supporter for Taiwans defensive capability. As a result, there is challenge for China and Taiwan making political and military cooperation. Due to the lack of bilateral interactions, according to Saunders, (2005), there was increasing differences between national identities for both parts that posed barriers for further communication. Theory of Security Dilemma: Being one of the most important ideas in the international security world, the security dilemma theory analyses how two countries or regions interact with each other, and the situation of security dilemma (should be distinct from the term security dilemma theory) describes the situation of two states or regions without offensive intentions that get into puzzle when both of them are seeking more security guarantees, in other words, the security dilemma is a crucial process which destabilises the existing balances of power that may finally failed to maintain a secure international order(30 Cerny, 2000). Seen from the huge number of academic works which helped to explain the major political events like the First World War and the Cold War, the security dilemma is deployed to explain more international affairs in contemporary world. Definition of Security Dilemma In short, in this thesis, the security dilemma could be summarized by Alan Collins: â€Å"(when) states take defensive measures to protect themselves, they can inadvertently signal to neighboring states that they might harbour expansionist goals. The scenario represents a deteriorating relationship based upon misperception, where, because the statesmen must provide for their states’ own security, a spiraling process of tension and arms procurement occurs. It is a tragedy, neither intends the other harm but, because they do not know this, their relationship deteriorates† (Collins 1997, 23). To have a more rigorous understanding for the concept, Tang,(2009), mentioned eight major points for security dilemma. â€Å"à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 1à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °The ultimate source of the security dilemma is the anarchic nature of international politics.33 à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 2à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °2Under anarchy, states cannot be certain about each other’s present and future intentions. As a result, states tend to fear each other (or the possibility that the other side may be a predator).34 à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 3à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °The security dilemma is unintentional in origin: a genuine security dilemma can exist only between two defensive realist states (that is, states that merely want security without intending to threaten the other). à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 4à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Because of the uncertainty about each other’s intentions (hereafter, uncertainty) and fear, states resort to the accumulation of power or capabilities as a means of defense, and these capabilities inevitably contain some offensive capabilities. à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 5à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °The dynamics of the security dilemma are self-reinforcing and often lead to (unin tended and bad) spirals such as the worsening of relationships and arms races. (6) The dynamics of the security dilemma tends to make some measures for increasing security–for example, accumulating unnecessary offensive capabilities—self-defeating: more power but less security. à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 7à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °The vicious cycle derived from the security dilemma can lead to tragic results, such as unnecessary or avoidable wars. (8) The severity of the security dilemma can be regulated by both material factors and psychological factors. (Tang, 2009) According to Tang,(2009) among all the eight points, uncertainty and fear generated in the anarchy structure, malign intention from both sides and accumulation of power are the three essential aspects while others points are not sufficient to construct the security dilemma. Similar to tang, Alan Collins has also concluded â€Å"three features† of security dilemma, which are: mutual suspicion, benign intentions and undesirable options. (Lee, 2009) On the third points, apart from building up the material capabilities, Collins has mentioned another scenario of the state’s reaction that if policy-makers decide to do nothing to reassure other states, this will also bring the state into risk by presenting †a window for others to exploit any weakness†(1122Lee, 2009). Collins’ idea is corresponding to Booth and Wheeler’s (2008,p4) explanation of â€Å"a dilemma of response† which refers to when faced with military build-up in the counterpart sta te, decision-makers have difficulty in choosing a reassuring or a deterrent reaction. In sum, no matter what actions the sates take, there is a big chance of a vicious circle that decreases the security level for both sides. The Review of Security Dilemma Study In this section, first, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding, there is a brief review of the academic works on the security dilemma security study; and second, have a look at the factors which affect the severity of security dilemma. The development of security dilemma could be regarded as a process of academic debate on whether the security dilemma could be mitigated in the anarchic international conditions. The earliest literatures under offensive realism have argued that there is an irreducible conflict between defensive states when they ask for more security because of the uncertainty. However, defensive realists, such as Robert Jervis, thinks the security dilemma could be mitigated when, under certain condition, both states successfully signal their benign intention to each other and then make a long-term cooperation(Jervis, 1796, p81). The constructivist approach strengthens the dialogue among policymakers which assign new connotations to the material factors tha t intensify the security dilemma. The offensive realism, coined by John Mearsheimer (Booth and Wheeler,2008,p35), or the fatalist logic of insecurity concluded by Booth and Wheeler, refers to ensuring one state’s own security by pursuing the â€Å"overwhelming power† (Mearsheimer, 2007), and policy makers must adopt â€Å"worst-case scenario assumptions† when to interpret others’ intention. As a result, there is an inescapable security competition between states and increases the risk of war. Though the writings of John Herz and Herbert Butterfield were before the came out of the term â€Å"offensive realism†, they are holding a same conclusion (Tan, 2007) John Herz has first coined the term â€Å" security dilemma† in 1950, (Herz, 1950), the key passage about how the security dilemma leads to the security paradox as follow: â€Å"Anarchic society has exited†¦Groups and individuals who live alongside each other without being organized into a higher unity . . . must be . . . concerned about their security from being attacked, subjected, dominated, or annihilated by other groups and individuals. Striving to attain security from such attacks, they are driven to acquire more and more power in order to escape the effects of the power of others. This, in turn, renders the others more insecure and compels them to prepare for the worst. Because no state can ever feel entirely secure in such a world of competing units, power competition ensues, and the vicious circle of security and power accumulation is on.† (b1,p22 Herz, 1950, p157) In Herz’s early argument, it is the fear of being attacked and â€Å"self-preservation† that drives the state to maximise its power, while the human nature of peace or aggression does not matter so much to the security dilemma. Though did not speak explicitly, Herz’s security dilemma is unintentional since it arises from states’ accumulation of power due to fear and uncertainty. Moreover, in his 1951 work, Herz explored the relationship between power and security dilemma. (Herz, 1952, p200) by noting that they â€Å"works with more drastic force† and in a more â€Å"brutal form† without the supervising power. Meanwhile, the British historian Herbert Butterfield use the phrase irreducible dilemma(Butterfield cited in Booth and Wheeler,2008,p27) to describe a similar situation. Butterfield suggests that statesmen would be virtuous and may not use a harmful way to grantee their national interests. However, there is a â€Å"tragic element in hum an conflict†, thus â€Å"fear and suspicion†, that makes states fail to know each other’s counter-fear and regard â€Å"others’ subsequent reactions to those fears as sign of aggression†(Lee,2009), consequently, conflicts would break out. Robert Jerviss plenty work on security dilemma has brought it to the mainstream though there is lack of a systematic definition. According to Tang,(2009), from different places, Jervis defined the security dilemma as follow: under the defensive intentions, a states action to increase its security would threaten the other state and then result in undesired consequence. Jervis emphasises the anarchic context of international relations and thinks human nature would have little effect on the security dilemma. Jervis’s â€Å"spiral model†,which generally refers to the â€Å"pursuit of self-defeating power by status quo states(Tan, 2007)† is a breakthrough work in the security dilemma studies. One br eakthrough made by Jervis, according to Tan, (2007), is that he thinks there is possibility for states under security dilemma situation to move escape the fatalist logic of insecurity by perceive the defensive intention from each other.

The Influence of Mythology on Literature and Society Essay -- Mytholog

The Influence of Mythology on Literature and Society Edith Hamilton is the author of the book Mythology. This book is about the Mythology of the Romans and Greeks through her eyes and the way she interprets it. In the beginning of the book Hamilton writes an introduction to Classical Mythology and how, and why it came about. She starts off by writing that Greek and Roman Mythology is meant to show us how people felt about the human race and about where they came from many years ago. She points out that Mythology describes the Earth when it was young and people cared for the Earth more than today. This is true, because in today?s world not many people are caring about the Earth and its going by us fast. She also points out that these stories in Mythology and the characters are describe in such great detail that even through you cannot see them, that maybe just maybe they are real and believable. Mythology is the way the Greeks and Roman saw and understood the world around them and it is written in which a way that we may never truly understand it. Hamilton now describes the Mythology of the Greeks as a totally different picture than the one described in Classical Mythology. She describes it as being vile, and savage, but the reason for this is because the Greeks wrote about themselves when they had a brutal and poverty filled life. They wrote like this to show you how they came to power and what they went through to get there. Not only was Greece coming to power, but also they changed the world as it was back then and forever. The reason for this was, because when Greece came to power so did mankind, and because they finally saw how powerful they could be, mankind was born. Greek originally obtained their gods fro... ...die and who wanted to fight the good fight. I believe that the Norsemen gods had something to die for, where as the Greco-Roman gods had everything to live for. The Greco-Roman gods were gods who indulged in their delights and who were in a way stuck up. Both Greco-Roman and Norsemen Myths are similar in principal, but are different in meaning. The Norsemen gods seem more like people who are struggling for a common goal, and go through a lot to get their desired happiness. The Norsemen gods? way of life is the way most people think of Mythology when they hear of it. That would be the whole good versus evil battle that supposed to take place between Heaven and Hell, but even though the Norsemen gods are not as strong as the Roman-Greco gods they are stronger in faith and that?s more important than any incredible power that the Greco-Roman gods will ever have.

Language and Mind Essay

1. Which of the following statements about parameters is FALSE? a. They specify the limits on possible differences between languages b. They do not belong to Universal Grammar # c. Their values must be â€Å"set† on the basis of experience 2. From the viewpoint of the principles-and-parameters theory, the process of language acquisition consists of: a. Setting the choice for each parameter that fits the language that is being acquired # b. Storing words and sentences in memory c. Learning the order in which words occur in sentences 3. If some property X is true for all languages, we can conclude that: a. X may be a property that all and only languages have (i.e. a language-unique universal) # b. X must be a general property of all cognitive systems c. X is determined by the universal human articulatory apparatus 4. The fact that young infants do not forget about objects that they have seen after these objects have been taken away is called: a. object shift b. habituation c. object permanence # 5. Consider the following two question sentences: i. When did the boy say he fell out of the tree? ii. When did the boy say how he fell out of the tree? The first question is ambiguous because: a. It is not clearly formulated b. It has two different underlying deep structures # c. It has one sentence embedded in another sentence 6. The statement: perception is ahead of production means that: a. Children can articulate words before they can recognize and understand them b. Children can recognize and understand words and sentences that they cannot yet properly produce themselves# c. Children’s visual abilities are better than their auditory abilities 7. The special way in which parents speak to young infants is called a. Telegraphic speech b. Motherese or parentese# c. Recursion 8. The ‘Critical Period’ that is relevant for first and second language acquisition a. That is correct # b. That is incorrect because it is only relevant for first language acquisition c. That is incorrect because it is only relevant for second language acquisition 9. Genie’s success in acquiring English turned out to be very limited. The greatest problem she had was: a. Learning words b. Understanding what people said to her c. Forming utterances with syntactic structure # 10. Genie’s case provides important support for: a. The critical period hypothesis # b. The role of ‘motherese’ in language acquisition c. The Poverty of stimulus argument for innateness 11. Imagine the following scenario: Some Japanese people come to Mexico to do business. None of them speaks Spanish, and none of their Mexican partners speaks Japanese. There is no other language that these two groups have in common. Therefore, they have to develop a kind of ‘auxiliary communication system’ that can fit this special circumstance. This system is most likely to be a: a. creole b. pidgin # c. English 12. According to Derek Bickerton a creole language is created by: a. adults who are forced to communicate with each other over a long period of time without having a shared language b. people who need to have a secret language c. children whose linguistic input consists of a pidgin spoken in their community # 13. The fact that children are apparently capable of producing a creole language which has grammatical properties that are not present in the pidgin input can be used as evidence for: a. The view that children have innate knowledge of language structure # b. The view that pidgin languages have hidden grammatical structure c. The view that children are born with blank slate minds 14. For a universal to count as an argument for the IH, which of the following three conditions is NOT necessary: a. The universal must be true of languages only b. We cannot explain the universal in any other way c. The universals must be about the syntax of language# 15. Which of the following is NOT a property of creole languages? a. Creole languages have a very simplified grammar # b. Creole languages have been acquired as first languages c. Creole languages have a fully developed grammar 16. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Sign languages differ from spoken languages in being based on visual signals rather than on sound b. Sign languages have emerged spontaneously (i.e. they are not man-made or artificial) just like spoken languages c. Sign languages are fundamentally different from spoken languages in that all signs are necessarily iconic # 17. The existence of sign languages, being fully equivalent in all relevant respects to spoken languages, supports the innateness hypothesis because: a. Both types of languages are processed in totally different brain regions b. Both types of languages depend on the innate principles of the auditory or visual system c. Even though the perceptual modality (audition versus vision) is so different from the spoken language modality, the same kind of grammatical structures are present in both types of languages # 18. The stages that children, who acquire a sign language, go through (after they start babbling) are: a. The same as the stages we see in the acquisition of spoken languages # b. Different in that deaf children skip the two word stage c. Different in that deaf children never get to the point that they form full sentences 19. In the case of Nicaraguan Sign Language, the youngest children changed the unstructured signing of their older peers into a structured language. This is analogous to: a. changing a pidgin into a creole # b. changing a creole into a pidgin c. changing a spoken language into a sign language 20. A simplified form of human communication used by people with no common language is a(n): a. Pidgin language # b. Creole language c. Artificial language 21. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. All pidgin languages have the same grammar b. All pidgin languages have very simple grammars # c. All pidgin languages have fully developed grammars 22. Which of the following statements is TRUE a. Children can acquire only one languages at the same time b. There are no fixed stages in the acquisition of sign languages c. Foreign language learning after puberty in general leads to imperfect language abilities # 23. The argument that the input that children receive is not rich enough to explain the rich knowledge that they end up with is called: a. The argument from universals b. The argument from stages c. The poverty of the stimulus argument # 24. Evidence for categorical perception in young infants comes from: a. Habituation studies # b. Diary studies c. Longitudinal studies 25. In which stage of language acquisition would children most likely produce a sentence such as â€Å"mommy want milky†? a. Holophrastic stage b. Two word-stage c. Telegraphic stage #

Human Communication Process in the Small Group Context Essay

Question #5 How would you rewrite some of Lam’s comments to show how he could have paraphrased what Kelli, Ryan, and Tamika said? â€Å"Tyler has been late to meetings, because he has been caring for his sick parents. Because he his late and missing meetings, we are missing his part of our assignment. Let’s just go ahead and get started and try to finish tonight. If we need another meeting, we can meet at my place to give us more room, instead of meeting in this old stuffy room.† It’s good to paraphrase because, it lets to previous speaker know if you understood what was said. If incorrect, the message can then be delivered in another way, so that the listener understands the message the speaker it trying to make (Galanes & Adams, 2010). This allows for effective communication. Question #6 Which of the eight major categories of nonverbal behaviors are most relevant to this study group? Several of the eight major categories of nonverbal behaviors are expressed in this study group. First of all space and seating play a part because, the group was sitting in a circle, and when Tamika pulled away from the table, it showed that she was upset about Tyler not being present; demonstrating â€Å"kinesics.† In addition, Tamika was using â€Å"time cues† by complaining that Tyler was late and that 20 minutes had gone by. When Kelli began to pack up her things, her movements expressed that she too was unhappy about the situation. â€Å"Paralanguage† was used when the pitch of Tamika’s voice changed as she asked the question â€Å"Man, what time is it.† It is evident that there was no â€Å"transactional process† within the group as a whole. Tamika and Kelli were expressing how they felt about Tyler on being present at the meetings. They were clearly sending a â€Å"message† throughout the group. As Ryan was demonstrating â€Å"paraphrase† by reminding the group the everyone knew that Tyler’s parents was sick and Lam â€Å"action-oriented listening† turned everyone’s attention back to the task of completing the project. It is clear that there was plenty of â€Å"nonverbal behavior† with this group. Nonverbal behaviors can be interpreted by other in ways not intended. Our text states â€Å"nonverbal behaviors can contradict verbal behaviors (Galanes & Adams, 2010).† As we speak to another person or a group, our tone of voice and body language are also speaking for us. It’s important to be aware, so that our actions aren’t taking away from what we are trying to speak. By observing nonverbal ques, we are able to recognize if what we are saying is being taken serious, upsetting someone, confusing or if people are in agreement. Question #7 How might computer-mediated communication been used by our student group? What precautions might they take should they choose to use it to compensate for absences from meetings? Computer mediated communication could have been used in the form of video conference where every member can see and hear their team member, or a chat room where all team members can post their work and respond to other members work. They could attach their assigned work to an email and forward the work to all the members of the group; this would have eliminated Tyler missing meets and Tamika being in that stuffy room. The first precaution is making sure each member has a computer or access to one. If the group is going to use the video conference, then the group need to make sure everyone has the proper equipment and software to participate in the group project. Once the group establishes everyone has a computer or access, they need to understand how to upload their work if they decide to use the chat room as a communication channel. Question #8 Given your understanding of communication principals, including nonverbal messages, what advice would you give to this student group? The group in chapter two should have, communicated differently. Communication is the key to an effective group. You must communicate with your fellow team members, be open about what you are feeling so that way tension does not build and explode making thing much worse than they have to be. Lam could have paraphrased the group feeling when he took control, and decided to start. If lam would have paraphrased, it would have let the other member’s know that he was listening to their concerns. The group should be more mindful of their nonverbal behavior. Lam did do a great job displaying â€Å"action-oriented† listening and getting the team back on track. As a group they should have focused on a solution to get Tyler’s part of the assignment, since they know his pattern with the group. Email and video conferencing are a couple of solutions. References Galanes, G. J., & Adams, K. (2010). Human Communication Process in the Small Group Context. In Effective Group Discussion (pp. 22-47, Chapter 2, pgs. 39 – 46, Chapter 3). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

African American Minority Group Essay

Among many of the ethnic groups that experienced a combination of segregation, racism, and prejudice; African Americans is one of the few that is still faced with one or more forms of discrimination today. The majority of African Americans came to the United States from Africa to be slaves, while others are citizens or residents of the United States from partial ancestry a form of the native population. In 1619, the first recorded Africans were recorded in British North America in Jamestown, Virginia, and the numbers began to increase as more English settlers died from harsh conditions and the Africans were brought to work as laborers. In the late 1700s the American Revolution occurred, which landed approximately 3 million Africans in slavery in the United States by the mid-1800s, (Centerwall, Brandon, 1984). In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln declared that all slaves in the United States from a Union were free. Meanwhile the declaration of Africans being free from slavery was joyful event, it was also the beginning of a growing battle that lead to a different approach of discrimination including; segregation, prejudice, and racism. By the 1900s, the African American population increased, which majority of the population lived in the Southern states of the United States. The Southern states enforced the Jim Crow laws, which mandated racial segregation in all public facilities giving white Americans advantages over black Americans in public schools, public transportation, restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains. In order to eliminate the control that white Americans had over African Americans, African Americans began to build their own schools, churches, and communities. Although, African Americans building their own communities was the intention of avoiding the humiliation of the Jim Crow laws, it still didn’t prevent the African Americans from becoming victims of racially motivated violence. African Americans experienced countless acts of violence incidents that lead blacks battered, beaten and even dead in some cases. White Americans begin to form organizations that promoted white power, leading the organizations to practice out violence and destroy African Americans property. A popular white power organization called themselves the Ku Klux Klan and performed acts against blacks that included; lynching cross burnings, physical violence, and house burnings towards African Americans. Although, the Ku Klux Klan was formed in 1867, it has been rumors that there are people that are still secretly members today. African Americans experienced a wider range of discrimination, segregation, and racism more so in the later days but still arise in society today. In a perfect world, no one would be judged by the color of their skin and society would focus on a person’s individual true character. Often times African Americans miss out on opportunities because they are being judged by the color of their skin, rather than their abilities. The United States has tried to provide Americans the rights to equal opportunity, by creating the Affirmative action. The affirmative action eliminates people being granted opportunities based on their race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation or national origin and ensures that minority groups within a society receive equal opportunities. Although, the affirmative action was intended to diminish situations which cause people to participate in different forms of discrimination, but unless it could be fully proven that African Americans were being passed up for jobs, education, income and other forms of advancements there will never be a way to fully prohibit this form of discrimination. Today, there is still unequal opportunities and discriminatory treatment that occurs in the United States especially with African Americans. African Americans were affected by many forms of discrimination that decreased advancement to equal other races in society. They were faced with dual labor market, forcing blacks to work in lower labor market areas. Redlining was enforced by keeping businesses from helping African Americans simply because of the area they lived in. Many African Americans wanted to better themselves by furthering their education, but suffered from institutional discrimination and given less information and aid for education. Knowing the history of the African American struggles on; prejudice, discrimination, and segregation allows me to understand my roots and accomplishments of my ethnic group. Personally the history of African Americans affects me greatly, because it is the combination of struggles that has played a huge role to my advancements and opportunities performed daily. The African American ancestors fought daily through all counts of discrimination helps that allows all groups of different minority groups the same equal rights for advancement opportunities. Although, the majority of the world views of African Americans has changed there are still people that choose to discriminate against African Americans by choosing not to change with the ways of the world and maintain prejudice. Acts of discrimination is performed but not as greatly as many years ago. African American culture has had a rough past journey, but in the long run the majority of the United States has made it possible for all African Americans equal rights and opportunities in life.

De Beers - Blood Diamonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

De Beers - Blood Diamonds - Essay Example After creation of social legislation in 1970s, employees, environment, and consumers are recognised as legitimate stakeholders of companies and every decision of the company must incorporate them. For instance, a firm involved in building a school for its workers children will be undertaking its social responsibility. In another case, by innovating in new ways of manufacturing its products that are friendlier to the environment, a company will also be undertaking its social responsibility as it maximises its profits. This paper discusses De beer-Black Diamonds company’s ways of undertaking its social responsibilities. Carroll Model Early theologians tried to define company social responsibility. For instance, J.M Clark emphasized the importance of transparency in business dealings and emphasized that men must take responsibility of their own actions whether the law recognised it or not (CSR Quest, 2012, P.1). In 1960, Keith Davis suggested that, â€Å"social responsibility re fers to businesses decisions and actions taken for reasons at least partially beyond the firm’s direct economic or technical interest† (CBE, 1991, P.1). Carroll Model is similar to the suggestions of these two theologians. He conceived CSR as divided into four obligatory parts namely, economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary. The major responsibility that shareholders vests on the company managers is to increase the economic value of their assets. Therefore, businesses must work hard to earn profits to keep the company going. In all its undertakings, the company must do so in accordance to the laws of the land. The third responsibility is for corporate companies to do what is right, just, fair, and avoid harm to employees and the neighbourhoods. Lastly, a corporate company is expected to contribute its resources towards improving the life of the surrounding community (Slide share, 2009, P.1). For instance, at the place of mining, there is no good Medicare for the min ers. A mining company may build a hospital or a community clinic where its workers can access medical services. Background Information of the Company De Beers is an international company that operates mines in South Africa, Tanzania, Botswana, Canada, and Namibia. It dominates the Diamond world in open-pit mining, underground, large-scale alluvial and deep-sea mining. It has existed for more than 100 years now and has spent lots of money to advertise the diamond products it produces as a symbol of love, purity, and beauty. De Beers acquired its monopolistic powers before the twentieth century via buying individual diamond dealers and spoiled the market for those who could not join in. However, this monopoly ended in 2000 after Russian entry in the market. De Beers Company employs about 20,000 employees around the world. It sells the rough diamonds through Diamond Trading Company and $5.9bn sales were recorded in 2007. The company sells its finished jewels through a joint venture wit h French Luxury Goods Products Today the company is acquiring a new name â€Å"Blood diamonds† or â€Å"conflict diamonds† since the African nation that hold most of its mining grounds want to reclaim their lands. There are so many disputes and blood shed over the mining grounds and it is believed that the weapon used in these fights comes from the west. According to Durham, â€Å"

The purpose of the Reflective Paper is for you to culminate the Essay

The purpose of the Reflective Paper is for you to culminate the learning achieved in the course by describing your understanding and application of knowledge in the field of human resource management - Essay Example Additionally, it is the duty of the human resource management to promote employee satisfaction, personal development, as well as complying with laws that are related to employment. The following are the tasks that the human resource management team should indulge themselves in. One of the main tasks that the human resource manager is given is hiring. Finding a suitable person to take up the position that a human resource manager intents to be filled is a very hard task to do. If the human resource management intends to hire the most suitable candidate for the job, the first step to take is to analyze the terms of the job. Analyzing the terms of the jobs include understanding the skills and knowledge acquired for the job, understanding how the job works and the typical settings of the work (Walker,1998). After the human resource management has analyzed what the job entails, the next step that is required is writing down the job descriptions. Writing the job descriptions entails writing the minimum requirements of the job. The first step to do is to provide a simple and short synopsis of what the job entails. The next step is to write down the duties. In writing down the duties, the human resource management should divide the tasks into minor sub duties of the job requirement. The final thing to do is to write the degree of supervision entailed. This includes whether supervision is given or received. The technique used in recruiting should be able to attract a large pool of people. This will enable the human resource management to find the perfect candidate for the job. The current employees provide a suitable candidate for the job since they know the rules and the regulations of the job. This should be done through internal posting of the job perhaps through the notice job. The next step is usually to screen the right candidate through their application and resumes.

Research paper of fish Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of fish - Research Paper Example Pacific cod is more abundant than Atlantic cod thus should be preferred as an alternative. When available, cod caught with long lines, as a preferable technique, should offer a better choice which in turn minimizes harm to the ecosystem. Certified organic farmed cod can also be used as a suitable option. A total of $150 million in relief has been set aside for the New England fishermen and two other fishing areas included in an early vision of the Hurricane Sandy relief bill that passed to reduce on the cod fishing. (Kurlansky p,356)This was done to offer alternatives to farmers who plunged into the sea and made 100 trips so that they reduce the trips made in the sea so as to allow regeneration of the cod fish stocks. Introduction and proliferation of equipment and technology led to the increase of landed fish. These new technologies affected the cod fish populations as they increased the area and depth they were fished the catching of uneconomical species of fish thus depleting the stocks of important predator and prey species. The cod fishery had thrived for hundreds of years before overfishing set in as a result of poor management systems that depleted the stocks so greatly that led to the collapse of the industry. In 1992, more than 35,000 people lost their jobs due to the disappearance of the cod fish thus leaving them at a state of despair. ( Cod Jigging Report in 2006-2011) Due to the great cod fish populations, the fishery was sustainable as the cod fish was seasonal thus there could be regeneration of the stocks. The fishing trends and demands in the market played a major role in its collapse due to the overfishing that ensued and poor management thus leading to its collapse. The farmed versions content of the feed has changed as well. Forage fish provides two essential products: fish meal, for protein, and fish oil, for omega-3 fatty acids which is a suitable alternative to the fish. The different environmental conditions, food requirements for the wi ld fish and the nature of the environment hinder the domestication of the wild fish. (Rose p,146)Wild fish require specific temperatures and conditions that would favor their growth and reproduction and also specific food to sustain their development and this cannot be provided in a domestic environment limiting their production in a domestic setting. The presence or absence of the cod in the ecosystem impacts the pelagic fish, the herring to the zooplankton and phytoplankton through a â€Å"trophic cascade.† The presence of cod can therefore decrease the intensity of the local alga blooms. What other species are affected by its decline? There is little hope as there is slow recovery of the cod stocks due to inadequate food supplies, cooling of the North Atlantic and poor genetic stock due to the overfishing of larger cod. Recent studies reveal that recovery of cod stocks are showing promises of resurgence, despite earlier thoughts of complete collapse. Severity of the collap se of the cod fishery can only be equated to the large populations that lost their livelihoods: estimated 35,000 fishers, were left unemployed. Though there was a smooth intervention by the government to save the situation through a program known as Northern Cod Adjustment and Recovery Program and later through the Atlantic Ground fish strategy. (DISCHNER) There is increased economic diversification, emphasis on education and emergence of a thriving