Operation Management †Process choice and Layout planning Essay

Characteristics of drift, jobbing, batch, liquify, and extremity harvestingion clays, with uses for severally.Project, jobbing, batch, f mild and subroutine production atomic number 18 the process types implementd in manufacturing. The stick out infra shows the trade off amongst strength and anatomy of outputs. In choosing one of these systems, elevated intensiveness means depressive disorder variety and senior highschool variety means start volume.(see figure 1)Project processes The essence of catch processes is that they be all contrary, so truly low volume and really high variety. The identification of activities and their relationship argon uncertain, they flock change during the production process itself. separately job has a defined live and finish and the sentence interval amidst starting two variant jobs is preferably long. The resources must be nonionized alone for each project and they ar re-al fit(p) after(prenominal) the end of them . Examples of this system are cinema production companies obviously e truly wizard movie is different from the others.Jobbing processes As for project processes, they deal with high variety and low volume. The difference is that the resources are non organised especially for each project, each product has to share them with many others. Although all the products convey the same attention, each will differ in its exact needfully. Jobbing requires a customary purpose layout and highly skilled and several(a) workers to interpret drawings and specifications. An good example is a painter, who sells his stimulate skill.Batch processes With higher volume and trim variety than jobbing process, the essence of these processes is that each time they produce a product, they produce much than one. The size of the batch can be very small (e.g. two or three), therefore batch process becomes very similar to the jobbing, but usually the batches are boastful, with repetitive functions . They require careful be after and control to ensure proper use and modify stocks to decouple processes. Finally they typically implies high Work in establish between work centres. An example could be the production of music instruments.Flow processes This engaging of process is dedicated to the production of a low variety of product in a high volume. Products are comprehend as standard, even if there are superficial differences between them. The process does not have to stop to accommodate differences between products. on that point are not buffer stocks between processes, that means zero frame up time. All workstations must work on to the same cycle time. The classical example is an automobile go down, equivalent every big money operations it is repetitive and predictable.Processes production Characterised by very high volume and close zero variation. Products lend themselves to cling, sometimes they are literally continuous, being produces in an aeonian flow. They require very high superior investment in equipment. The process is turn out before beginning and it usually involve very low manual intervention. An example is the paper making.LAYOUT PLANNINGExplain the differences between fixed position, product, process, and a cell system layouts, indicating a suitable application for each one.One of the most obvious device characteristics of an operation is deciding where to put all the facilities, machines, materials, staff, and so on This is what layout concerns, the physical location of the transforming resources and the way in which the alter resources flow through with(predicate) the operation. There are four basic layout types. frigid position layout The process recipient trunk stationary and the equipment, machinery, plant and people, instead of the transforming resources, pop off through it. It happens because the product is too large or delicate to pass away, or because it could intention to being travel. The purpo se should be to image so that all of the resources can comfortably access the point of delivery. There are two types of this layout forming and treating, in which the nature of the materials changes, and assembly, like a spaceship building.Process layout Its characteristic is that processes with similar needs are located building blockedly. The reason for this is that the transforming resources dominate the layout decision. Different products and different customers take routes unique to their own needs through the layout. The advantage is that grouping together greenness processes should increase their utilisation. Other advantages of process layout are high mix and product flexibleness, relatively robust in eggshell of disruptions and relatively easy supervision of plant and equipment. Examples are some hospitals departments.Cell layout In cell layout the individual processes are moved together to form a cell. The transformed resources entering the operation are preselecte d to move to one part of the cell in which all the transforming resources to meet their immediate bear upon needs are located. Transportation cost are reduced, keeping high flexibility and high productivity. Examples could be snack prohibit in supermarkets.Product layout In this eluding is the convenience of the transformed resources which dominate the operation decision, the opposite of process layout. Everything is arranged almost the products progression through the system. The transformed resources flow along a line of process, following a regulate route. The advantages of this layout are mainly the low unit cost for high volume and the low staff skill levels needed. An example is a canteen, in which the sequence of customers requirements is generally common for all customers.As shown in the figure below, volume and variety have different effects on the layouts flow. When volume is very high and variety very low, continuous flow must be the major issue, when variety is ver y high and volume very low flow should be intermittent.